轻型商用车上的主减速器.doc

摘　　要 本设计的任务是设计一台用于轻型商用车上的主减速器，采用单级主减速器，该减速器具有结构简单、体积及质量小且成本低等优点，因此广泛用于各种中、小型汽车上。例如，轿车、轻型载货汽车都是采用单级主减速器，大多数的中型载货汽车也采用这种形式。 根据轻型载货汽车的外形、轮距、轴距、最小离地间隙、最小转弯半径、车辆重量、满载重量以及最高车速、发动机的最大功率、最大扭矩、排量等重要的参数，选择适当的主减速比。根据上述参数，再结合汽车设计、汽车理论、汽车构造、机械设计等相关知识，计算出相关的主减速器参数并论证设计的合理性。 它功用是：将输入的转矩增大并相应降低转速；当发动机纵置时还具有改变转矩旋转方向的作用。 本设计主要内容有：主减速器的齿轮类型、主减速器的减速形式、主减速器主动齿轮和从动锥齿轮的支承形式、主减速比的确定、主减速器计算载荷的确定、主减速器基本参数的选择、主减速器齿轮的材料及热处理、主减速器轴承的计算、对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的差速原理、对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的结构、对称式圆锥行星齿轮差速器的设计、全浮式半轴计算载荷的确定、全浮式半轴的直径的选择、全浮式半轴的强度计算、半轴花键的强度计算。 关键词: 主减速比；主动齿轮；从动齿轮；差速器；行星齿轮 Abstract The design task is to design for a light commercial vehicle on the main reducer, using a single-stage main reducer, the reducer is simple in structure, size and quality of small and low cost, it is widely used in a variety of small and medium-sized car. For example, car, light truck and are based on single-stage main reducer, the majority of medium-laden vehicles were also using this form. According to the shape of light truck, Tread, wheelbase, minimum ground clearance, minimum turning radius, vehicle weight, loaded weight and the maximum speed, the engines maximum power, maximum torque, displacement and other important parameters, select the appropriate The main reduction ratio. Based on the above parameters, combined with the car design, automotive theory, automobile construction, mechanical design and other related knowledge, to calculate the relevant parameters of the main reducer and demonstrate the rationality of the design. Its purpose is to: increase the input torque and lower speed; when the motor home also has a vertical change in the direction of the role of spin torque. The main elements of design are: the main type of gear reducer, speed reducer forms the main, the main driving gear reducer and the driven bevel gear supporting the form of the determination of the main reduction ratio, the main reducer of the calculation to determine the load, the main reducer Basic parameters of the choice of the main reducer gear