Layered Standards Architectures作业题.doc

Chapter 2: Layered Standards Architectures Due Date: ________________ Last name (family name): _______________________ First name (given name): _______________________ Test Your Understanding Questions 1. a)?What three things do standards govern? Standards govern message semantics, message syntax, and message timing. b)?Distinguish between semantics and syntax. Semantics is the meaning of each message. Syntax is how messages are organized. c)?What are the three general parts of messages? The three general parts of messages are the header, data field, and trailer. d)?What is the purpose of the data field? The data field contains the content to be delivered by the message. e)?How is the header defined? The header is everything that comes before the data field. f)?Is there always a data field in a message? No, there is not always a data field in a message. g)?Are trailers common? No, trailers are not common. [When they are found, it is usually at the data link layer, and not even all data link layer standards use them.] h)?Distinguish between headers and header fields. The header is everything that comes before the data field. A header field is a subdivision of the header. i)?In HTTP client/server transmission, what timing restrictions exist on the client application? An HTTP client may transmit any time it wishes to do so. j)?In HTTP client/server transmission, what timing restrictions exist on the server application? In HTTP client/server transmission, the server application may only send a response message after it receives a request message. 2. a)?Distinguish between connectionless and connection-oriented services. Connection-oriented services have explicit openings and closings. In contrast, connectionless services do not establish connections before transmitting, nor close the connection after they have finished transmitting. b)?Which places a heavier traffic burden on the network? Connection-oriented service places a heavier traffic burden on the netwo