chapter 8 sociolinguistics 英语专业语言学PPT.ppt

Chapter 8 Sociolinguistics Language is a city to the building of which every human being brought a stone. ——Ralph Waldo Emerson Once you open your mouth, you are placed. —— Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw Points to cover 1. special terms: Standard language, dialects, registers, pidgins and creoles, code switching, language sexism 2. discussion: Differences between English and Chinese in terms of linguistic taboos and euphemism The relationship between language and gender Sociolinguistics 196 The study of language in relation to society. It studies the relations between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the language users live. 8.2 Language varieties 语言变体 Language change from region to region, from social group to another, from individual to individual. Language varieties are related to region, social class, educational background, and the degree of formality of a situation in which language is used, including standard language, dialects, registers, pidgins, creoles, etc. Standard language 标准语言 1 Also called standard variety or standard dialect, standard language is the dominant, or prestigious variety. It is the variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language . Standard language （add) 1. Standard Chinese/Standard Mandarin, the phonology is based on Beijing dialect; the grammar is standardized to the body of modern literary works written in vernacular Chinese. 2. RP:Received Pronunciation in British English 3. SAE: Standard American English Standard language 标准语言 1 Also called standard variety or standard dialect, standard language is the dominant, or prestigious variety. It is the variety of a language which has the highest status in a community or nation and which is usually based on the speech and writing of educated native speakers of the language . 8.2.