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Lecture01 Introduction Aug 30 Chinese Philosophy Lectures杜兰大学中国哲学课堂教学PPT
Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors 三皇五帝 P’an Ku is a mythical figure. According to the tradition, after P’an Ku (how many years?), there are Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors. There are different accounts of who they are, and nearly all of them are semi-mythical. You don’t need to know all of them. Those you need to know are: The Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun, and Yü. Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Yellow Emperor is considered as the first and earliest ruler of China. He is also depicted as the founder-hero of the Chinese civilization. Almost all the important cultural inventions as well as institutions were traced back to either him or his associates. He is also considered as the common ancestor of all Chinese people. Yao 堯, Shun 舜 After the Yellow Emperor, there are two important Emperors, namely Yao and Shun. Yao and Shun are both depicted as sage-emperors or great emperors, set up the ideal models for the Confucian tradition. Yao abdicated and gave up his throne to Shun, and Shun likewise abdicated and passed the empire to Yü. Yü 禹 and the Dynasty of Hsia 夏 Yü was also a great emperor in his time, his main contribution was solving the flooding problem of the Yellow River (黃河) (The Yellow River is the main river of China. Chinese civilization starts from this river). Unlike Yao and Shun, Yü’s position was passed to his son, Ch’i (Qǐ , 啟)。This is the first dynasty of China, Hsia (Xia) (around 2070 to 1557 BC). The Hsia Dynasty thus began a period of family or clan control. The Dynasties of Hsia, Shang, and Chou We still cannot verify that the dynasty of Hsia really once existed in China. However, archaeologists have recently uncovered urban sites, bronze implements, and tombs that point to the possible existence of the Hsia dynasty at locations cited in ancient Chinese historical texts. The dynasty of Shang 商 (around 1766 -1050 B.C.) is after the Dynasty of Hsia. Shang is the first dynasty with verifiable historical record. And the next dynasty is Chou (Zhou 周) PHIL 29
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