linguistics (introduction) 大学英语语言学课件 大学二年级必用！！！.ppt

A New Concise Course On Linguistics for Students of English The Goals for this Course To get a scientific view on language; To understand some basic theories on linguistics; To understand the applications of the linguistic theories, especially in the fields of language teaching learning (SLA, TESL), cross-cultural communication……; To prepare for the future research work. Reference Books 戴炜栋，何兆熊，(2002)，《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。 胡壮麟，(2001)，《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。 刘润清，(1995)，《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。 Stuart C, Poole, (1999), An Introduction to Linguistics, UK: Macmillan Publisher Ltd. Language is a system Systematic---- rule-governed, elements in it are arranged according to certain rules; can’t be combined at will. e.g. *bkli, *I apple eat. Language is arbitrary Arbitrary---- no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing it denotes, e.g. “pen” by any other name is the thing we use to write with. Language is symbolic in nature Symbolic---- words are associated with objects, actions ideas by convention. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”----Shakespeare Language is primarily vocal Vocal---- the primary medium is sound for all languages; writing system came much later than spoken form. Language is human-specific Human-specific---- different from the communication systems other forms of life possess, e.g. bird songs, bee dance, animal cries. 模仿金属的声音： clash, ting, bang, clang, ding-dong, tick-tack 模仿自然界的声音: dingdong (叮咚), kacha (喀嚓), putong (扑通) And, some compound words are not entirely arbitrary; there is a certain connection between their sounds and meaning. e.g. typewriter, air-conditioner, shoe-maker, etc. The origin of language The divine-origin theory---- Language is a gift of God to mankind. The invention theory---- imitative, cries of nature, the grunts of men working together. The evolutionary theory---- the result of physical and psychological development. Some important distinctions in linguistics Prescriptive vs. descriptive Presc