Session 2 - Morphological Structure of English Words 2.0 英语词汇学课件.pptVIP

Objectives: Discuss morphemes, their classification and identification; Explain the relationship between morphemes and word-formation Teaching focus: Definition of morphemes Definition of allomorphs Types of Types of morphemes free morpheme bound morpheme Definitions of root, stem and base Morphemes The definition of a morpheme The morpheme(词素) is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. A word is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning. Structurally, however, a word is not the smallest unit because many words can be separated into smaller meaningful units. Words are composed of morphemes. What is usually considered a single word in English may be composed of one or more morphemes: Morphemes The definition of a morpheme Example One morpheme: nation Two morphemes: nation-al Three morphemes: nation-al-ize Four morphemes: de-nation-al-ize Why study morphemes? A morphological component actually tells us something about a word’s meaning or role in a sentence. When a word we haven’t learnt yet contains morphological components found in other words, we can make a reasonable prediction of what the new word means. Often a knowledge of Latin and Greek can be a big help in identifying morphemes, because the people who have created much of our learned vocabulary were consciously working with Latin and Greek vocabulary components. Why study morphemes? Try your hand! Genocide Genus suicide Fugacious Fugitive vivacious Identify the Morphemes Try your hand! Look at the following three words. Could you make out how many morphemes they have? Please judge which analysis is correct. Tick （√）T for True and F for False. 1. denaturalization: de, na, tur, -al, -i, -za, -tion T ( )F ( ) 2. denaturalization: de, nature, -al, -ize, -ation T ( )F ( ) 3. individualistic: in, divide, -al, -ist, -ic　T ( )　　F ( ) 4. individualistic: in, di,