W2 L2 英汉语言差异 W 2 English – Chinese Translation (Lecture 1) 英语笔译教学教案.docVIP

W 2: English ?Chinese Translation (Lecture 1) English Vs. Chinese Think and discuss: 1. How is the English language different from the Chinese language in terms of, for example, grammar, structure and usage? 2. List as many differences as you can, and support your argument(s) with examples. （一）汉语重意合(parataxis)，英语重形合(hypotaxis) 意合，parataxis: coordination of clauses, etc. in succession 形合，hypotaxis: syntactical subordination of clauses, etc. 枯藤老树昏鸦小桥流水人家古道西风瘦马夕阳西下断肠人在天涯 – 马致远《天净沙秋思》 The insect nibbles the green leaves.The toad eats the insect that nibbles the green leaves.The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green grass. （二）SUBJECT: 汉语无主句多，英语主语突出 实事求是地说，解决中国人的吃饭问题， 任务艰巨，困难不少，但潜力很大，前景广阔。 继续改善国内投资环境，保证引进外资的稳步增长。 （三）VERB/NOUN: 汉语重动词，英语重名词 汉语：可以连用几个动词，中间没有关联词语 英语：主语和谓语是句子的骨干，其他成分围绕主谓展开。名词和介词使用较多。 小辣椒见是书记，松开手，跟着就摊下来，滚地皮，大哭大叫。 武松放了手，来松树边寻那打折的棒橛，拿在手里，只怕大虫不死，把棒橛又打了一回。 （四）汉语的四字词组 汉语四字词组使用率极高 固定（成语）+ 自由词组 忽闻有人在牡丹亭畔，长吁短叹。 我没想到他对同志们的批评充耳不闻。 我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富丽堂皇。 她是单身一个人，无亲无故。 E-C translation technique (1) （一）词义的选择 英语中的一词多义(polysemy)现象 Think and discuss: 1. What does “subject” mean in Chinese? 2. Think of some other English words which have more than one equivalent in Chinese. Translate the following sentences with “subject”: Armed resistance showed that a minority at least was not prepared to be subjected to foreign rule. 武装反抗表明至少有少数人不准备屈从于外国的统治。 Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters. (Daniel Defoe) 人世间，事不由己，变迁灾祸，难以逆料。 Civility is not a sigh of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (John F. Kennedy) 谦恭不是软弱的表现，诚意总有待证明。 This is a subject for discussion. 这是一个要讨论的题目。 He is a subject of the United Kingdom. 他是联合王国的臣民。 What is the subject of this sentence? 这句的主语是什么？ Translate the following sentences into Chinese: He introduced me to his parents. He is apt to introduce new ideas into the business. They have introduced a new job-contract system into the factory’s reform project. Tobacco was introduced int