writing The controlling idea of the topic sentence 英语应用文写作技巧 教学课件.pptVIP

The fundamental skills of English writing The controlling idea of the topic sentence ( 主题句的制约点) 　 How to make the controlling ideas in the sentence 　　主题句由两部分组成，即主题(topic)和制约点/中心思想（controlling idea）。中心思想的作用是导向(control)和制约(limit)。我们前面谈到的关键词就反映了中心思想。所谓导向就是规定段落的发展脉络，所谓制约就是限制主题的覆盖范围，两者不可分割。没有导向，内容就会离题或偏题；没有制约，内容就可能超出一个段落所能容纳的范围。因此，紧紧把握主题句中controlling idea的导向和制约作用，是短文写作成功关键之一。 How to make the controlling idea in the sentence …? You’d better find a point not a line to focus on. For example :　 My mother has passed along to me rules for getting along with others. Revised sentences: 1. My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others . 2. My mother has passed along to me several rules for getting along with others. 　My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Dont argue with parents; they will think you dont love them. Dont argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Dont argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Dont argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mothers rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Dont argue. 　　主题句中提出的 “certain rules” 指的是什么？展开句中通过四个 “Don‘t argue --” 逐一加以交代。 从结构来看，这是一个比较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句（即本段中的末句）。  3. Exercise is beneficial to you. Exercise is beneficial to your heart. Exercise is beneficial to both your mind and your body. 4. In my life I have read many good books. In my life I have read many good books that really have positively influenced me. 　Exercise is beneficial. 　Exercise is beneficial to your heart. Exercise is beneficial这是毫无疑义的。但主题句中如不加上to your heart来加以 control 和 limit，那就流于空泛。　　 　Exercise is beneficial to your heart. A 22-year study was conducted by doctors in California. They found that people who work at physical jobs experience fewer heart attacks than other people. These active people work all the time at moderate speeds, their daily routine gives them an adeq