呼吸科呼吸系统2PPT.ppt

5.2. Gas Exchange * * Definition Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood inside the pulmonary capillaries. What we have to know? Basic principles of gas diffusion Factors that determine the rate of gas diffusion Partial Pressure of Individual Gases in a Gas Mixture Above the absolute temperature, all molecules of all matter are continually undergoing motion. Pressure is caused by multiple impacts of moving molecules against a surface either in air, liquid or other forms of matter. The partial pressure is directly proportional to the concentration of the gas molecule for air. * * Applied Gas Laws Question At the sea level (barometric pressure is 760 mmHg), how much is the partial pressure of oxygen if we know air consists of 21% oxygen? Hints Dalton’s law states that the total pressure exerted by a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas component in the gas mixture. In a mixture of gases, the partial pressure of a given gas is directly proportional to the volume that gas contributes to the total volume. * * Answers PB = PN2 + PO2 + PHO2 + PCO2 (at the sea level, PB = 760 mmHg). Where PB = barometric pressure at the sea level. Where PN2 is the partial pressure of nitrogen. PO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen (氧分压). PO2 in the air = 760 mmHg X 0.21 = 160 mmHg . * * The Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Alveolar Space is down to 102 mmHg Two reasons cause this “down” The existence of FRC results in dilution of air in the alveoli. The continuous uptake of oxygen by the blood in pulmonary capillaries. * * The Determinants of Alveolar PO2 * * Factors that Determine Alveolar PCO2 * * * * Diffusion of Gases through the Respiratory Membrane * * * * Alveolar-Capillary Membrane (Respiratory Membrane) * * Six layers construct a barrier Alveolar fluid layer Alveolar epithelium Alveolar basement membrane Interstitial matrix Capillary basement membrane Capillary endothelium Gases Diffu