功能材料r5.pptVIP

* Chapter 5. Magnetic materials Key points: Classification of magnetic materials Properties of magnetic materials Applications Chapter 5. Magnetic materials 5.1 Introduction Present state: three areas Attributes of a good permanent magnet include: (a) large saturation and remnant inductions, Bs and Br (b) large coercivities Hc (c) high Curie temperature Tc Schematic of a hysteresis curve for a magnetic materials defining some technical magnetic parameters. In 1900, poorly differentiated hard and soft steels In 1990, Hc of hard material is high, and Hc of soft material is low. The property was improved largely. 5.2 Soft magnetic materials Soft magnetic materials require: (a) high permeability: ?=B/H (b) low hysteresis loss: (low energy consumed in cycling (c) large saturation and remnant magnetization (d) high Curie temperature Improving properties of soft magnetic materials by: (a) tailoring chemistry (b) optimizing microstructure The magnetic nanoparticles are important for soft magnetic materials due to good properties Grain size D 100 nm 5.3 Hard magnetic materials Hard magnetic materials require: a large magnetic anisotropy Two important classes of rare earth transition metal permanent magnets: Sm-Co based alloys, Nd2Fe14B alloy A nano-size celluar structure is important Celluar structure Composite magnetic material is a new development direction Magnetic recording heads consist of a write head and a read head within the same lithographically made structure. The write head consists of a coil and a yoke that guides the magnetic flux created by the coil to a pole tip. 5.4 Magnetic recording media The large magnetic field emerging from the pole tip is used to write the magnetic bits into a rotating magnetic-recording disk. The read head is used to retrieve the information written on the disk. It senses the magnetic flux emerging from the transition regions between the bits on the disk (see Figure below). In the spin-valve head shown here, the flux