智能纺织品-2 第二章 蓄热和调温纺织品与服装.ppt

第二章 蓄热和调温纺织品与服装Heat-storage and thermo-regulated textiles and clothing 2.1 Introduction The human body is itself is an automatic thermo-regulated organism. The body constantly generates heat, CO2 and H2O by the metabolism of food and muscle activity. The human body controls the release speed of heat by blood vessel dilatation or constriction, muscle and sweat gland activity, etc., and then regulates the body temperature. Cont. It has been shown that the most comfortable skin temperature is 33.4℃. When the temperature of any part of the skin differs by within 1.5~3.0℃ of this ideal temperature, the human body is unaware of the warmth or cooIness. If the difference is more than ±4.5℃, the human body feels discomfort. In addition, a core body temperature of 36.5℃ is required, and a rise or fall of 1.5℃ can be fatal. A balance between the rates of heat loss and heat generatea must be maintained. Cont. When the thermal resistance of their clothing is insuficient, and a person stays in a relatively low temperature condition for a lone time, the body temperature drops. The human body must produce more heat by eating more food or increasing exercise. Also, the body will adjust to the heat loss by constricting the blood capillaries within the skin. Hypothermia may result, if the core temperature is lower than 35℃. Conversely, In a hot environment, the body must cool itself. The body generates heat and the heat absorbed by the skin from the environment must be dissipated. Under these conditions the body will dilate/扩张 the blood capillaries/毛细血管, which enables the evaporation of water diffused from the body interior to increase. Thereby increasing the cooling effect. This action is known as insensible perspiration. 2.1 智能调温纺织品概述 传统纺织品具有保温、装饰和美观的功能，其保温作用主要是通过阻止人体与外界环境之间的热传导、热对流和热辐射而实现的，人们可根据环境温度的高低适当增减衣服，以保持人体处于舒适的温度范围。为了提高纺织品的保温功能，人们采取了多种措施，如开发了中空纤维、超细纤维和复合纤维等，以提高纺织品中静止空气的含量，加强隔热效果。 为进一步提高纺织品的保温功能，人们还开发出了能够吸收和发射远红外线的纤维和织物。但传统纤维纺织品存在一些明显的缺点，如保温功能受纤维压缩弹性和环境潮湿空气的影响很大。此外，这