流体力学_英文课件第1章 A Fluid and Its Mainly 下.pptVIP

What is Fluid Mechanics ? Fluid Mechanics is the study of fluid either in motion (Fluid Dynamics 流体动力学) or at rest(Fluid Statics 流体静力学) and subsequent effects of the fluid upon the boundaries, which may be either solid surfaces or interfaces with other fluids. What is a fluid? The concept of a fluid A solid can resist a shear stress (剪切应力) by a static deformation. A fluid can not resist a shear stress by a static deformation. Any shear stress applied to a fluid, no matter how small, will result in motion of that fluid. The fluid moves and deforms continuously as long as the shear is applied. 1.1 Continuous Medium Model: Fluid Parcel or Fluid Particle Definition of the model The space is full of molecules without any clearance. Purpose Such variables as volume, pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, velocity, acceleration and so on can be described by differential equations. Applied condition When the characteristic length of an object is far greater than the mean free distance of molecules. Mean statistic law of a lot of molecules. 1 Density 1.2 Density and Specific Volume of Fluid 2 Relative Density 3 Specific Volume 4 Density of Mixed Gas 1.3.1 Compressibility Compression Coefficient Bulk Modulus of Elasticity 1.3 Compressibility and Dilatability of Fluid 1.3.2 Dilatability When p=constant, and T=273+t 0C 1.3.3 Compressible Fluid and Incompressible Fluid Incompressible Fluid (Simplification) Liquid Gas with low speed and constant pressure (e.g. fan) Compressible Fluid Gas with high speed and variable pressure * Example 1—1 Calculate the relative rate of change of water density when the water pressure was increased from 5at to 10at under normal temperature. Solution: this problem is the application of compression coefficient equation of a liquid under normal temperature. Solution 1： 1.4.1 Definition and Reason Definition of viscosity The proper