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Basic concepts Code Code is a term used instead of language, speech variety, or dialect. It is sometimes considered to be a more neutral term than the others. Diglossia Diglossia ----the term was introduced into the English language literature on sociolinguistics by Charles Ferguson. Definition of diglossia It is a relatively stable language situation in which, in addition to the primary dialects of the language, there is a very divergent, highly codified superposed variety, the vehicle of a large and respected body of written literature, either of an earlier period or in another speech community, which is learned largely by formal education and is used for most written and formal spoken purposes but is not used by any sector of the community for ordinary conversation.(Charles Ferguson) Another definition It is a situation in which two very different codes exist side by side in a speech community, each with a distinct range of social functions. The High variety (or H- variety) is usually more standardized, and is used in government, the media, education,and for religious services; the Low-variety(or L-variety) is used in family conversations and other relatively informal settings. Ferguson requires that the High and Low varieties should belong to the same language. However, Fishman extends the term diglossia to include any society in which two or more varieties are used under distinct circumstances. The phenomenon of diglossia is not ephemeral in nature; in fact, it appears to be a persistent social and linguistic phenomenon. Examples H L Arabic : Classical Arabic regional colloquial varieties Switzerland: Standard German Swiss German Haiti : Standard French Haitian Creole Greece: Katharevousa Dhimotiki/Demotic A key defining characteristic of diglossia is that the two varieties are kept quite apart in their functions. The H variety is the prestige variety; the L variety lacks prestige. Con