我国种植业化学品投入状况与转变路径研究.pdfVIP

专题研究  我国种植业化学品投入状况与转变路径研究 DOI 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.020 我国种植业化学品投入状况与转变路径研究 易小燕，袁梦，尹昌斌 （中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081 ） 摘要：本文以化肥和农药投入为重点，分析了20 世纪90 年代以来我国种植业化学品的投入总量与区域特征、不同作物类型 投入状况，剖析了种植业化学品投入存在的问题，提出了种植业化学品投入转变的总体思路、转变路径和保障体系。化学品 投入方式不合理、投入过量且利用率低，区域不均衡、作物不均衡与结构不合理现象突出，因此需要推动种植制度改革、新 型化学品研发和精准农业技术应用，加快转变生产方式，改进化学品投入方式，控制其投入量，优化其区域布局，并从科技 创新、集成示范、补贴制度、标准规范和产学研结合等方面加强保障支撑，促进种植业绿色持续发展。 关键词：种植业；化学品投入；转变路径；化肥和农药；保障体系 中图分类号：S143 文献标识码：A The Chemicals Input Status and Transformation Path of the Planting Industry in China Yi Xiaoyan, Yuan Meng, Yin Changbin (Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China) Abstract: This paper examines the total inputs and regional characteristics of chemical input in China since the 1990s, analyzes exist- ing problems of chemical input, and puts forward a general transformation idea, transformation path, and security system for chemi- cals. Certain phenomena that result in obvious problems for this industry include the excessive use and a low utilization rate of chem- icals, regional imbalances in chemicals input, imbalanced crops, and irrational crop structure within the planting industry. In addition, input methods need improvement. It is essential to transform the production mode by optimizing regional layouts, reforming planting systems, developing new chemicals, and adopting precision agricultural technologies. It is also necessary to strengthen support for and promote the green and sustainable development of farming based on scientific and technological innovation, integrated demonstrations, subsidy systems, standard specifications, and industry/university/research institute collaborations. Keywords: planting industry; chemical input; transformation path; chemical fertilizers and pesticides; secu