SCIENCE FAIR PROJECT英文资料.pdfVIP

Rachel Griffin TOOTHPASTE January 13, 2014 Period: 5 - Mrs. McNees SCIENCE FAIR PROJECT Syracuse Junior High School STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM What brand of Toothpaste whitens teeth the best? RESEARCH oIn addition to 20–42% water, toothpastes are derived from a variety of components, the three main ones being abrasives, fluoride, and detergents. A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. oHydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent with antimicrobial effects [Gaffar, 1997] that has been used historically, at high concentrations, for the treatment of severe gingivitis. It is an effective bleaching agent that can penetrate enamel to bleach intrinsic stains. oPapain is a naturally occurring enzyme that dissolves protein. There is some evidence to show that the combination of papain and citrate can remove superficial tooth staining. RESEARCH CONTINUED oSodium tripolyphosphate (STP) slows the growth of crystals and so inhibits the formation and growth of hard deposits of mineralized plaque (calculus). [Kohut et al., 1997] At higher concentrations, STP breaks down the stain matrix. It does this by removing calcium bridges between the stain molecules and surface proteins on the teeth, making the stain easier to remove. oBleaching agents for whitening teeth date to at least the early 1900s. Today, the most common bleaching agent in toothpaste is a compound called car amide peroxide, which in the mouth forms hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide in turn breaks down into water and oxygen. The free oxygen is a powerful bleaching agent becaus