从讲座制的兴衰透视学术组织结构形式的演变精选.pdfVIP

# 47 从讲座制的兴衰透视学术 组织结构形式的演变 李 治 徐厚礼* (华中师范大学 武汉 430079) : 讲座制可谓历史悠久, 不过作为大学的 一种固定的基层学术组织结构形式, 经历的时 并不长在 18世纪末 19世纪初, 讲座制开始盛行于西方, 尤其是柏林大学的 创办, 使讲座制以固定的学术组织结构形式确立下来, 并得到辉煌发展, 影响广泛, 但 同时, 讲座制的弊端也日渐显露出来, 开始走向衰落到了 20世纪上半叶, 学系制) ) ) 作为一种新兴的基层学术组织结构形式逐渐兴起和流行, 并开始取代讲座制, 成为主要 的大学基层学术组织到了 20 世纪六七十年代, 大多数国家完成了讲座制向学系 ( 科) 制的演变 : 学术组织; 讲座制; 讲座教授; 学系 (科) 制 The Transform ation of A cadem ical O rgan izational Structure from the Perspective of the R ise and Fall of Lecture System L i Zh i Xu H ouli (Huazhong N ormalU ni ersity, W uhan 430079, Ch ina) A bs trac t: The Lecture system has a ol ng histo ry, but as a regular, grass- roots academ ical o rganizational structure, its history is not very ol ng. In the late 18th century and the earyl 19 th century, el cture system began to be prevalent ni the W est, especially when the University of Berlni w as founded. So the Lecture system as a fi ed academ ical organizatoi nal structure estab lished, and then rapidly deveol ped and gained w ide inf-l nence. At the same, the sem ina r system deficiencies becam e increasingyl apparent, and it began to dec line. In the first half of the 20 th century, the department system - a new g rass- roots academ ic organizational structure - g radually became more popual r and began to replace the old system. It became a m ajo r unive rsity academ ic grass- roots o rganization. In the 1960s and 1970s, m ost countrei s had com pel ted transfo rmatoi n