组织与胚胎学教学（河南科技大学）16 respiratory system.pptVIP

Ⅰ.Trachea and primary bronchi Descends from the larynx to the mediastinum. Ends by dividing into the 2 primary bronchi at the level of sternal angle. Contains 3 layers: mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia ⅰ.Mucosa: 1.Epithelium: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with much thicker basement membrane. 1). Ciliated cell: The cilia beat coordinately towards larynx. 2). Goblet cell: The secretion covers the epithelium surface. 3). Basal cell (Stem cell): Separated from the epithelium surface. Epithelium. 4). Brush cell (Sensory cell). Columnar in shape and has longer microvilli. The epithelio-dendritic synapses are formed when their basal surfaces are connected to nerve endings. 5). Diffuse neuroendocrine cell (small granule cell). Contains many secretory granules in which exist many kinds of bioactive substances. Belongs to DNES. ⅱ.Submucosa: LCT containing mixed glands , few lymphatic tissue. IgA, secreted by plasma cell, will combine with secretory protein produced by glands and epithelium to form SIgA, an antibody released to inner surface of respiratory track. ⅲ. Adventitia: -Adventitia is a CT layer that is reinforced by 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage which keep the airway patent and prevent its collapse. -The open posterior parts of the rings abut the esophagus and are connected by band of smooth muscle, involved in coughing. bronchial tree 3.Terminal bronchiole: - The last portion of the conducting zone. - Lined by simple ciliated columnar cells and surrounded by smooth muscle fibers. No goblet cell, gland and cartilage Irregular inner surface. - Contain Clara cells in the epithelia Asthma Clara cells -Found among ciliated columnar cells, are non-ciliated and -Contain rich secretory granules, and are responsible for mucus clotting clearance. -A kind of stem cells As conducting tubes become smaller… The cartilage support changes. It goes from rings in the trachea t