CDMA综述外文翻译.docxVIP

附 录1. 英文原文An Overview of CDMA/~tlen5510/text/classwebch8.htmlCDMA BasicsCDMA systems spread a slow information bit rate with a fast chip sequence, transmit it over the air and retrieve the original information. How to actually spread and retrieve the information is standardized in details in IS-95. Three main tools are used:Walsh codes, 64-chip orthogonal sequencesA short code: 215 - 1 = 32767 chips long, which has the property of being orthogonal to any nonzero offset of itself.A long code: 242 chips long, used to generate unique sequences, which are pseudo-orthogonal to one-another.The following sections go into further details on where these tools are used in various aspects of the IS-95 air interface: on forward links, reverse links, in access mode, and in traffic mode./~tlen5510/text/classwebch8.htmlWalsh Codes/~tlen5510/text/classwebch8.htmlForward Link Walsh codes are orthogonal codes, IS-95 uses them to multiplex several mobile communications (and control channels) on the forward link. In the forward link, each mobile uses a specific Walsh code sequence; all sequences are multiplexed together in a total combined sequence:(where si represents the information symbol (+1 or -1), gi is the individual channel gain.) That sequence is manipulated further and sent over the air; on the receiver side, that sequence is decoded by simply integrating for each channel: for channel k, the information bit is retrieved from the sign of the integral:/~tlen5510/text/classwebch8.htmlReverse Link In the reverse link of IS-95, Walsh codes are not used in that manner but simply encode bits in a 64-ary encoding scheme: that s each 6-bit sequence is mapped to a 26 = 64 bit Walsh code.In further evolutions like IS-2000 and IS-856, the reverse link multiplexes several channels similarly to the forward link, and Orthogonal properties of the Walsh codes provide the multiplexing scheme:/~tlen5510/text/classwebch8.htmlShort CodeShort codes are bit sequences with very specific autocorrelat