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附录一论文原文ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL TECHNICAL PAPERTitle no. 107-S61Creep Effects in Plain and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beamsby M. M. Reda Taha, M. J. Masia, K.-K. Choi, P. L. Shrive, and N. G. ShriveThe long-term deflection behavior of two reinforced concrete (RC) beams with similar dimensions and material properties wasmonitored. One beam was externally strengthened with fiberreinforcedpolymer (FRP) strips, whereas the other was used as acontrol specimen. Both beams have been subjected to sustainedloading for over 6-1/2 years. The objective of the experiments wasto assess the significance of creep in the epoxy adhesive and whethersuch creep might allow the FRP strips to unload over time. Slipmovements at the ends of the FRP strips were also monitored.The experimental deflections have been compared to deflectionpredictions using ACI 209R-92 and CEB-FIP MC 90. The creepdeformations of the FRP-strengthened beam are not as predictedfrom the control beam. Two analytical approaches are used: astep-by-step in-time analysis and finite element (FE) modeling. Both techniques demonstrate that creep of the adhesive layer canaccount for the differences observed between the predicted andactual behaviors of the beams.Keywords:creep; deflection; epoxy adhesive; fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP); reinforced concrete.INTRODUCTIONIn recent years there has been much research on the use offiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to strengthen existingconcrete structures. One popular application, used widely inpractice, is to bond FRP strips externally to the tension face ofreinforced concrete (RC) beams to increase flexural capacity.The FRP strips are typically bonded directly to theprepared concrete surface using an epoxy adhesive. Thestrips may be anchored mechanically near their ends orsupported by additional shear reinforcement, usually in theform of U-shaped FRP sheets. If the beam is subsequentlyloaded with sustained loads, creep in the epoxy adhesivecould take pl