第七章 语态的转换 汉英翻译 教学用课件.pptVIP

所谓语态转换是指翻译中汉英两种语言之间的主动式与被动式的互换。 英语使用被动句的原因： 1、强调被动动作； 2、强调动作的承受者； 3、不知道或者无须说出动作的执行者； 4、便于上下文连贯、衔接； 5、为了突出客观性，避免使用人称主语（常见于科技学术论文中）； 6、为了措辞得当，语气委婉； 7、固定用法的被动句结构。 汉语被动句的种类： 1、带被动标记的被动句（被，受，遭受，给，挨，叫，让，加以，予以，为… …所，被… …所等）； 例如：茅屋为秋风所破。 The thatched house was destroyed by the autumn storm. 这个问题必须在适当的时候以适当的方式予以处理。 The problem must be dealt with by appropriate means at an appropriate time. 她被花言巧语所陶醉了。 She was intoxicated with sweet words. 一些古老的传统和价值观不再为年轻人所珍视。 Some old traditions and values are no longer cherished by youth. 他遭到邻居的嘲笑。 He was laughed at by his neighbours. 2、不带被动标记的被动句。 例如：有些问题还需要澄清。 Some questions have yet to be clarified. Some questions need clarifying. 产量有了很大的提高。 The production has been greatly increased. 诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。 Poets are born, but orators are made. 广州的地铁三号线将在明年年底建成。 The construction of Metro Line 3 in Guangzhou will be completed by the end of next year. 每年十月，杭州的西湖都要举行国际马拉松赛。 An International Marathon Championship Race is held around the West Lake in Hangzhou in October every year. 1、火在一小时后被扑灭。 The fire was put out an hour later. 2、人的思想形成了语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。 Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. 3、艾滋病毒只能通过血液传播或其他体液传播。 The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids. 4、基本建设速度加快，投资环境不断完善。 The capital construction has been accelerated and the environment for investment has been continuously improved. 5、在教堂里，人们不仅要有礼貌，而且应该有一种虔诚的态度。 Not only politeness but an attitude of reverence is demanded in church. 6、困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 The difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problems have been solved. 7、必须维护生态环境平衡。 The ecological environment should be kept in balance. 8、来宾请出示入场券。 Visitors are requested to show their tickets. 9、他出现在台上，观众给予热烈鼓掌。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 10、朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也。 Rotten wood cannot be carved, nor a wal