英美文学赏析 教学课件.ppt

西方文明的繁荣 —19世纪欧美现实主义文学 The Realistic Literature Introduction 19th-Century Western literature can be divided clearly into two developing periods: Romantic period and Realistic period. ?? From about 1790 to 1830 there was the Romantic period, and the basic achievement of literature is Romantic poetry. ??? The Realistic period (critical realism) began about 1830, and lasted till the turn of the century. And the basic achievements of literature are prose works, including novels, novelette and short stories. The expression Realism, when applied to literature of the 19th century, implies the attempt to depict contemporary life and society. 批判现实主义这一术语是后人概括出来的。法国的普鲁东（1809—1865）在《艺术的社会使命》中，最早作出“现实主义是批判的”论断。正式提出批判现实主义并给它下定义的是高尔基。高尔基指出：“资产阶级的‘浪子’的现实主义，是批判的现实主义；批判的现实主义揭发了社会的恶习，描写了个人在家庭传统、宗教教条和法规压制下的‘生活和冒险’，却不能够给人指出一条出路。” The growth of realism is linked to the development of science (especially biology), history and the social sciences and to the growth of industrialism and commerce. 现实主义产生的时代背景，我们可以概括为资本主义的确立与发展时期。 ? The main characteristics of critical realism are as follows: ????1. critical attitude ????? 2. objectivity ????? 3. characterization and typical background ????? 4. a time of novels English Realism English Literature after Romantic period can be called English literature of the Victorian Age, that is the literature written during Queen Victorias reign (1837–1901). ??????? The century was a period of great literary and social change, and it is useful to consider the literature of the period in relation to the social and political issues of the time, which include the Industrial Revolution, and the expansion of the British Empire.? ??????? The English literature of the Victorian Age is famous for its novelists as Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and many others. 总体特征： 1 最先描写劳资矛盾题材。 2 善于描写小人物的矛盾。 3 具有人道主义和改良主义的倾向。 4 女性文学异军突起：经受过女权主义洗礼的英国妇女开始觉醒，她们用文学来实现自身的价值。(玛丽·雪莱、苏珊·弗里娅、乔治·艾略特、勃朗特姐妹) 英国现实主义小说 查尔斯·狄更斯(1812-1870)  Charles Dicke