高考中的名词性从句.docVIP

高考中的名词性从句 名词性从句是历年高考中的一个重点考查的语言项目。并且每年的命题各有变化。下面结合08年高考中的各地高考中的题目分析一下在08年中的名词性从句的考点。 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。 例1. It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(2008 上海卷) if B.because C.when D.that 解析：此题考查的是主语从句。本题是典型的it做形式主语，而实际的主语____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life则位于句末。主语从句不缺成份。句译为：已经证明儿童时期吃蔬菜会帮助你在后期的生活中免受严重疾病的侵袭。所以选D。 例2. ___ was most important to her,she told me ,was her family.(2008山东卷) It B.This C. What D.As 解析：此题考查的是主语从句。本题的句子语序是干扰学生做题的一项。其正常语序为she told me ___ was most important to her was her family.由此看来是考查的宾语从句 ___ was most important to her was her family.中的主语从句___ was most important to her，而它缺少主语成份。所以选C。 二、宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 例3. The companies are working together to create ___ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.(2008北京卷) which B. that C. what D. who 解析：此题考查的是宾语从句。 ___ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century是动词create的宾语从句。在从句中，they hope 是插入语。句中缺少主语，所以选C。 例4.People in Chongqing are proud of ____ they have achieved in the past two years.(2008重庆卷) A.that B.which C.what D.how 解析：此题考查的是宾语从句。题意为: 重庆人民为他们在近两年取得的成就而感到自豪。其中____ they have achieved in the past two years 是介词of的宾语从句。在宾语从句中缺少动词achieve的宾语，所以选C。 三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。需要注意的是，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。 例5. The last time we had great fun was ___ we were visiting the Water Park.(2008天津卷) where B.how C.when D.why 解析：本题考查的是表语从句。主语是The last time we had great fun ，was 是系动词，___