城市化进程中失地农民可持续生计问题研究——以安庆市宜秀区为例Study on Sustainable Livelihood of Land - lost Peasants in the Process of Urbanization - A Case Study of Yixiu District, Anqing City.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着我国工业化和城镇化进程的加快，征占农村土地的力度越来越大，失 地农民越来越多。失地农民正在成为一个新的独特的弱势群体，农民失去了他 们的天然保障— 土地之后，伴之产生的是他们的生活、就业和社会保障问题等， 如若处理不当，很容易引起社会纷争和矛盾，影响社会的稳定和经济的发展， 妥善解决失地农民问题，这既是摆在我们面前的理论课题，也是我们当前亟待 解决的现实问题。 本文从对失地农民的生活现状描述入手，发现农民在失地后普遍陷于生活 水平下降、就业难以及生活没有保障的困境，可持续生计能力严重不足，成为 我国城市化进程中一个新的弱势群体。本文具体分析了我国失地农民陷入困境 的深层次的原因。这既有农民自身方面的因素，如素质不高、技能缺乏不能适 应城市化带来的转型，更与我国现行的制度不健全及制度缺失有密切关联，文 章具体分析了我国的土地征收及补偿制度、农村土地产权制度、城乡分割的就 业制度、社会保障制度等等，从多方面、多角度分析了制度性因素对失地农民 生活的影响。文章还借鉴了发达国家和地区处理失地农民问题的成功经验，最 后提出了适合现阶段中国国情的解决失地农民可持续发展问题的建议和策略： （1）改革我国现有的土地征用及补偿制度,制定合理的利益补偿标准； （2）关注失地农民就业，对农民进行转岗培训、增加安置渠道以及建立就业支 持体系； (3)提出“土地换社保”模式，建立失地农民社会保障的资金筹集的新模式，将 失地农民逐步纳入到社会保障体系中,实现失地农民生计可持续。 关键词: 城市化 失地农民 可持续生计 社会保障体系 I Abstract In the recent year, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the number of land-losing peasants is rising. With their land being taken over, the peasants lost their natural guarantee, they are becoming a piece of unique disadvantaged group during the process of expanding the city. Accompanied by the land-taking is the problem of peasants’ survival, such as the current living condition, employment and social security. If it is improper to deal with, it is very apt to cause social dispute and contradiction, influence the social stability and development of the economy. In this sense, it is not only a theoretical subject facing us, but also a realistic problem demanding us to solve promptly. Firstly, this dissertation makes a description of the land-losing peasants’ current living conditions in order to find the peasants’ living standard is decreasing. It is also very hard for them to find employment in the market, in all, they are scarce in the ability to sustain their livelihood. Next, this dissertation analyzed the in-depth reasons from two sides. One is on the peasants themselves, they are lowly educa