chapter 5文体学.ppt

Chapter 5 Stylistic features at the syntactic level II 5.1 the periodic sentence 5.2 inversion 5.3 repetition 5.4 parallelism antithesis 5.5 climax anticlimax 5.6 language deviation 5.1 the periodic sentence 句子成分的排列是为表达内容服务的。 不论在口语中，还是在书面语中，一句话所传递的信息总是有其中心焦点（focus）的。 口语中的信息焦点（focus of information）：语调 书面语的信息焦点: 借助语言成分的安排 其原则是“末尾着重”（end-weight）：把句子里较有“分量”（more weighty）的成分放在句末，形成一种“高潮”，使句子显得生动有力。 “末尾着重”：“掉尾”（the period） 按着这一原则构成的句子就叫做“掉尾句”或“圆周句”（the periodic sentence）。例如： The great question that has never been answered , and which I have not yet been able to answer despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul, is this, “what does a woman want?” (Sigmund Freud) 掉尾句的成分排列符合末尾着重的交际原则，因此可以加强语义。 使用掉尾句还可以制造悬念，起到引人入胜、发人深省的作用。 It came as a great shock to discover that the country which is your birthplace and to which you owe your life and identity has not, in its whole system of reality, evolved any place for you. “松散句”（the loose sentence）:把句子的语义核心体现在句首, 如： He obtained a good command of English through a teach-yourself book. 这里说的松散句并无贬义色彩，与通常说的结构松散是两码事。 在写文章时，交替使用掉尾句和松散句可以增添节奏的变换，避免单调。 倒装（inversion）:调整语义核心 倒装句（the inverted sentence）: 使句子的某个成分突出，产生强调作用，如： Talent Mr. Micawber has, capital Mr. Micawber has not. (Charles Dickens, David Copperfield) 小说和诗歌中常用倒装结构来增强语言艺术的感染力： There, smoking his pipe in the old place by the kitchen firelight, as hale and as strong as ever, though a little grey, sat Joe; and there, fenced into the corner with Joe’s leg, and sitting on my own little stool looking at the fire, was ---I again! 5.2 repetition 反复（repetition）: 反复使用同一个词、句或段落，借以加强语气和感情，产生突出的效果 有意识地重复使用关键的词、句，使其产生感染力，可以吸引听众，加深听众的印象。 I say to you today, my friends, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creeds—we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are