2010高三英语名师详析：虚拟语气.docVIP

2010高?三英语名师?虚拟语气　　虚拟语气是?一种特殊的?动词形式，说话人陈述?的并不是事?实，而是表达一?种愿望、假设和猜测?等。只有在非真?实的条件句?中才使用虚?拟语气，如果假设的?条件有可能?实现，用真实条件?句。如果假设的?条件无法实?现或实现的?可能性很小?，则用虚拟语?气。使用虚拟语?气的情况主?要有下列几?种： 　　1. 虚拟语气在?非真实条件?句中的运用? 　　(1) if条件状?语从句中的?虚拟语气 　　非真实条件?句表示不可?能实现的或?实现的可能?性很小假设?。条件句与主?句皆须用虚?拟语气。其虚拟语气?的时态形式?有三种： 　　表示与现在?事实相反的?假设，从句的谓语?动词用“动词过去式?(be一般用?were)”，主句的谓语?动词用“shoul?d (would?, could?, might?)+动词原形”。例如： 　　If you were the UN Secre?tary Gener?al, could? you stop the wars on the earth?? 　　If he had a chanc?e, he would?/shoul?d/ might?/could? choos?e to study? abroa?d。 　　表示与过去?事实相反的?假设，从句的谓语?动词用“had+过去分词”，主句的谓语?动词用“shoul?d (would?, could?, might?)+have+过去分词”。 　　【记忆小窍门?】可提到句首?的词有三个?：had, shoul?d和wer?e。谐音记忆：一马当先“还属我”。 　　含蓄虚拟条?件句 　　有时，可不用条件?句表示一个?非真实的条?件，而用一些介?词短语或通?过上下文中?暗含某种非?真实的条件?，这种句子叫?做“含蓄条件句?”。例如： 　　通过wit?h, witho?ut, but for和动?词不定式短?语等表示虚?拟的条件 　　She’d look bette?r with short?er hair. =if she had her hair cut short?er 　　Witho?ut your help, we could? not have compl?eted the task ahead? of time. =If it had not been for your help… 　　But for the heavy? snow, I could? have gone on holid?ay. =If there? had not been the heavy? snow… 　　She would? be shock?ed to hear the news. =If she heard? the news… 　　It would? be easie?r to do it in this way. =If you did it in this way… 　　句中含有o?r, or else, other?wise, but等词?语，暗示句子的?某一部分(前句或后句?)需用虚拟语?气。 　　He was on busin?ess in Beiji?ng at that time; other?wise he might? have helpe?d us。 　　Lucki?ly Mary telep?honed? to infor?m me of the meeti?ng, or would? have been I absen?t。 　　I shoul?d have atten?ded my frien?d’s weddi?ng cerem?ony, but I could?n’t affor?d the time。 2.虚拟语气在?名词性从句?中的运用 　　在主语从句?中， 在下面的几?种情况下，谓语动词通?常用“shoul?d +动词原形” 　　It is+形容词+that…句型。常见的形容?词有imp?ortan?t, neces?sary, natur?al, funny?, stran?ge, surpr?ising?, aston?ishin?g(令人惊讶的?)等。 　　 It is +名词+that…句型。常见的名词?有pity?, shame?, advic?e, sugge?stion?, propo?sal(提议，建议)， requi?remen?t, reque?st, desir?e, order?等。 　　 It is+动词的过去?分词+ that…句型。常见的动词?有advi?se, order?, propo?se, reque?st, sugge?st, deman?d, requ