英国纽卡斯尔大学生理学课件0014.pptVIP

Respiratory System Lecture 14 Main Goals of the Respiratory Control System General. An alveolar ventilation sufficient to maintain normal blood gases (in a most economical way). Adapt to changing environments or metabolic needs (eg. exercise). Integrate with non-respiratory activities such as talking or eating. * Respiratory System Lecture 5 Control of ventilation Control of (tidal) breathing Chemoreceptors - Monitoring of PCO2 - Monitoring of PO2 The effect of PCO2 on ventilation The effect of PO2 on ventilation Other factors controlling ventilation Cerebral Cortex Chemoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Respiratory Centre Medulla Respiratory muscles Effect of ventilation on alveolar PO2 and PCO2 Hyperventilation increases pO2 only moderately (~30% of the difference between arterial and venous blood). pCO2 is decreased considerably (300%) Feedback loops in the automatic control of breathing X Central Chemoreceptors (medulla) EFFERENT AFFERENT Medullary Respiratory Neurons PO2 and [H+] PCO2 Spinal Respiratory Motoneurons Respiratory Muscles Pulmonary Ventilation X Peripheral Chemoreceptors (carotid bodies) Airway and Lung Receptors Airway Muscles Peripheral chemo- receptors 100% of the response to O2; in human only carotid body 15% of response to CO2 but quicker than central chemorecetors pH and CO2 potentiate O2 response Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) Carotid bodies Common carotid arteries Aortic bodies in the aortic arch Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors may be localised in close vicinity but they have different structure and function! Feedback loops in the automatic control of breathing X Central Chemoreceptors (medulla) EFFERENT AFFERENT Medullary Respiratory Neurons PO2 and [H+] PCO2 Spinal Respiratory Motoneurons Respiratory Muscles Pulmonary Ventilation X Peripheral Chemoreceptors (carotid bodies) Airway and Lung Receptors Airway Muscles The central chemoreceptors Pulmonary ventilation (l/min) Alveolar PO2 PO2