英语虚拟语气2PPT.ppt

* 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目几乎是四、六级必考的内容，也是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 　　1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers. 　　A. being 　　B. are 　　C. be 　　D. were 　如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 　　2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldnt have to look it up. A. know　B. knew　C. known 　　D. knowing 　如果我知道这个词的意义，就不必查词典了。 D B 　2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 　　例：1995年6月四级第46题 　　We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, 　　A) would have telephoned 　　 B) must have telephoned 　　C) would telephone 　 　 D) had telephoned A 　　3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 　　例：1996年1月四级第44题 　　Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. 　　A. has to get 　　B. had got 　　C. were to get 　　D. could have got C 　　4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。 　　有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。（这种结构在口语中很少使用）。 　　例：1997年6月四级第42题： Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through A 　虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 　　(一) 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略） 　　1．表示现在或将来的愿望，从句用过去式。 　　例：1995年6月四级第45题 　　I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. 　A. could have slept 　　B. slept 　 C. might have slept 　　D. have slept A 　2．如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如： 　　I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 　　我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。 　(二) 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。 　　例：1996年1月四级第28题 　　It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 oclock