曰履霜坚冰.PPTVIP

Kun (Kun Below Kun Above) 釋卦名之一 《說文》：「坤，地也，《易》之卦也。从土，从申。土位在申。」 土就是地，西周前期常有「下土」一詞，見於金文，到了東周末年以後，才改稱「下地」，如《尚書．金滕篇》所用，後代土與地兩字連用，土即是地，土地可以長養萬物，所以《說文》用聲訓釋土字：「土，地之吐生萬物者也」。 「申」字本作 ，近於坤經卦卦體 ，是 的分陷。古時天地初分，洪濛未辨，天本太虛，起初地陷於水中，地為水所象，後水漸落，土漸露，字亦加土塊，後人稱地為「大塊」，即如古人稱坤之義。此外申有地氣上升的意思，以應乎天行，因天道下接，地之道上申，故坤字從申。 釋卦名之二 為何不言地而言坤？因地之載物美惡不拒，十分柔順，而坤、順兩字古代雙聲，可以通假，《說卦》即曰「坤，順也」，言坤不言地之理，同於言乾不言天，在氣曰陰陽、在卦稱乾坤、在數為奇偶、在方曰上下，涵意多方，才不至於拘泥。 卦辭Judgment 元、亨、利牝馬之貞。君子有攸往，先迷而後得主，利。西南得朋，東北喪朋。安貞，吉。 Kun consists of fundamentality, and prevalence, and its fitness is that of the constancy of the mare. Should the noble man set out to do something, if he were to take the lead, he would go astray, but if he were to follow, he would find a master. It is fitting to find friends in the southwest and to spurn friends in the northeast. To practice constancy with serenity means good fortune. 彖辭Commentary On The Judgments 彖曰：至哉坤元！萬物資生，乃順承天，坤厚載物，德合無疆。含弘光大，品物咸亨，牝馬地類，行地無疆。地之所以得“無疆”者，以卑順行之故也。乾以龍禦天，坤以馬行地。 How great is the fundamental nature of Kun! The myriad things are provided their births by it, and in so doing it compliantly carries out Heaven’s will. It is the generosity of Kun that lets it carry everything, the integrative force of its virtue that accounts for its limitlessness, and its vast power to accommodate that makes it glorious and great – so that things in all their different categories can prevail as they should. The mare is a metaphor for the Earth, for it travels the Earth without limit. 釋彖辭Commentary On The Judgments 坤卦卦體為六個 所組成，為純陰之象。地本是至陰，無陽不能生成萬物，之所以能生成萬物，是因順天之陽氣，依陽氣進退而生。故地本不元亨，因陽氣進退而利貞。 「牝」為陰柔至順之總稱，相較於乾之卦辭「元亨利貞」，坤卦卦辭曰「利牝馬之貞」即言坤道順天而行。 乾道「統天」、坤道「順承天」，一統一順、一前一後、一剛一柔、一退一進，方能「品物咸亨」故曰「乾以龍禦天，坤以馬行地」。 象辭Commentary On The Image 《象》曰：地勢坤。君子以厚德載物 英文待補 釋象辭Commentary On The Image 坤卦卦體以上下經卦坤相疊而成，上坤地、下坤地，是地勢隨高就低，坤順和柔之貌。 「厚德」即順德，即內虛外實之德，唯有順才能虛，唯有厚才能實。內虛就是虛心，虛心就能容物；外實就是實行，實行則能應物容物，即是能載物。萬物無窮，載之亦要無窮，如地能承受山嶽之重、河海之決、草木之傷，君子之厚德應效法地之載物如此寬大。 爻辭-初六First Yang 履霜，堅冰至。 The frost one treads on reaches its ulti