艾滋病幻灯片教学讲义.ppt

口腔炎和食管炎 口腔毛状白斑 肛周、直肠疱疹病毒感染 肝损害 机会性感染∶隐球菌脑膜炎等 机会性肿瘤∶原发性淋巴瘤等 HIV直接感染∶痴呆综合征等 皮肤和粘膜：卡氏肉瘤、念珠菌感染、外阴疱疹、 尖锐湿疣 * 眼部: 视网膜炎(CMV感染)、眼底棉絮状白斑(CMV感染)、弓形虫脉络膜炎、卡氏肉瘤 肺部弓形虫感染 弓形虫脑脓肿 oral Candida 口腔念珠菌感染, multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma on skin and mucosa 皮肤粘膜卡波济肉瘤 PCP (pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis) 卡氏肺囊虫肺炎 cryptococcal meningitis隐球菌脑膜炎 Post Exposure Prophylaxis Scheme of prevention: determined by source and degree of exposure. Course of treatment: 4 weeks. Medication time: in 24 hours (more earlier, more better) . Treatment of complications PCP: Pentamidine 4 mg/kg i.m or i.v, for 14 days. Sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprin (SMZ-TMP) 3 tablets every 12 hours. CMV, HSV, EBV infection and herps zoster: Ganciclovir 5 mg ivdrip every 12 hours for 2 to 4 weeks. Kapposi’s sarcoma: AZT + interferon; bleomycin; vinblastine, adriamycin. Cryptosporidiosis and histoplasmosis: treated by spiramycin. Cryptococcal meningitis: Fluconazole. Prevention Prevention Control of infection sources: Quarantine and sterilization of blood and excretion of anti-HIV(+) humans. Blocking the routes of transmission: Education and instruction, prohibition of high risk behaviors just like drug addicting, condoms and disposal injection equipments using…… Protection of susceptibles: vaccine was not be used yet. Abstinence Be faithful Condom Don’t do it Do it right 1st Dec: WORLD AIDS DAY Attitude Influences Disease Seriously Help, care and love those who live with AIDS ! We should : Learning Objectives Able to describe Transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS Diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS Able to explain Manifestation of HIV/AIDS Acquaintance Pathogenesis and pathology of HIV/AIDS 传播途径：经性接触、血液及母婴传播 发病机制：侵犯、破坏CD4+T细胞，导致机体免疫功能损害，最终并发严重机会感染和肿瘤 临床特点：发病缓慢，多系统损害，病死率高 Virus Morphous * Virus Structure: 包膜部分： gp120，gp41 核心部分：结构蛋白,逆转录酶,DNA多聚酶 Virus Genome: 9 ORF. Structure gene: gag, pol, env. Regulatory gene: tat, rev, nef. Other ge