湘大高分子专业英语Charpter 3-1PPT.pptVIP

* While z  1 and higher average molecular weights may be calculated, the major interests are in Mn, Mv, Mw, and Mz, which as shown in the following figure are listed in order of increasing size. For heterogeneous molecular weight systems, Mz is always greater than Mw and Mw is always greater than Mn. The ratio of Mw/Mn is a measure of polydispersity and is called the polydispersity index. The most probable distribution for polydisperse polymers produced by condensation techniques is a polydispersity index of 2.0. Thus, for a polymer mixture which is heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight, Mz Mw Mn. As the heterogeneity decreases, the various molecular weight values converge until for homogeneous mixtures Mz Mw Mn. The ratios of such molecular weight values are often used to describe the molecular weight heterogeneity of polymer samples. Figure Molecular weight distributions * 而Z：「1和更高的平均分子量可以计算，主要的兴趣是锰，MV，Mw和Mz的，这就如同在如下图所示的顺序列出规模日益扩大。异构分子量系统，Mz的总是大于分子量和分子量总是大于锰。的Mw / Mn的比值是分子量分布的量度，并且被称为多分散性指数。最有可能的分布通过缩合技术制备的聚合物的多分散性为2.0的多分散指数。因此，对于一种聚合物混合物，该混合物是均相对于分子量，Mz的的Mw锰。由于异质性的降低，各种分子量的值收敛，直到均匀混合物Mz的 MW锰。这样的分子量值的比率是通常用于描述聚合物样品的分子量异质性。 图分子量分布 * Typical techniques for molecular weight determination are given in Table. The most popular techniques will be considered briefly. All classic molecular weight determination methods require the polymer to be in solution. To minimize polymer–polymer interactions, solutions equal to and less than 1 g of polymer to 100 mL of solution are utilized. To further minimize solute interactions, extrapolation of the measurements to infinite dilution is normally practiced. * 典型的技术用于分子量测定列于表。最流行的技术，将被视为短暂。所有经典的分子量测定方法需要在聚合物是在溶液中。为了尽量减少聚合物 - 聚合物相互作用，解等于和小于1克聚合物至100毫升的溶液被使用。为了进一步减少溶质相互作用，测量到无限稀释外推一般练。 * For polydisperse polymer samples, molecular weight values determined from colligative properties, light scattering photometry, and the appropriate data treatment of ultracentrifugation are referred to as “absolute molecular weights,” whi