湘大高分子专业英语重点段落(带翻译)PPT.ppt

* Charpter 3-4 形态学 * Fig. Growth of poly(ethylene oxide) spherulites from the melt, over a period of about 1 min. The originally separate spherulites eventually impinge on each other to form an irregular matrix. Optical microscopy of spherulites Spherulites are usually observed in the optical microscope with the sample between crossed polarisers. The following figure shows the growth of eventually very large poly(ethylene oxide) spherulites from the melt. The size of the spherulites obtained depends on the time of crystallisation and on the separation of the nuclei from which they grow. Growth is eventually limited by the meeting of spherulite boundaries, which leads to an irregular final structure. Before this the spherulites are indeed spherical (or, in very thin films, possibly circular). 上课翻译 * 图聚增长（氧化乙烯）从熔体中球晶，历时约1分钟。最初分离的球晶，最终撞击到彼此以形成一个不规则的矩阵。 光学显微镜下的球晶 球晶通常在光学显微镜交叉偏振器之间下看样品观察到。下图显示了最终从熔体中得到的非常大的聚环氧乙烷球晶的增长。所得到的球晶尺寸取决于结晶的时间和从它们生长的晶核分离。增长最终被球晶边界的相遇而限制，从而导致不??规则的最终结构。在球晶确实成球形之前（或，在非常薄的膜，有可能圆形）。 * Summary The degree of crystallinity can be measured using density method, DSC and X-ray diffraction. To explain the diversities of Crystallites, three main theories have been proposed, i.e., the fringed-micelle model, extended-chain crystallites and chain-folded crystallites. The non-crystalline regions exist in non-crystalline polymers, semi-crystalline polymers and even in crystalline polymers. Spherulites, axialites and shish-kebabs are the most common polycrystalline structures. * 总结 结晶度可以用密度法，DSC和X射线衍射来测定。 为了解释晶粒的多样性，三个主要的理论被提出，即缨状胶束模型，伸直链晶体和链折叠晶体。 非结晶区存在于在非结晶性聚合物，半结晶聚合物，甚至在结晶聚合物中。 球晶，轴晶和串晶是最常见的多晶结构。 * Charpter 4-1 Polymer Processing Chapter 4: Polymer Engineering * Charpter 4-1 聚合物加工 第4章：高分子工程 * Dry Spinning Polymer concentrations on the order of 20 to 40% are employed in dry and wet spinning. In the dry spinning process, the solution is filtered and then forced through a spinneret into a spinning cabinet through which heated air is passed to dry the filamen