湘大高分子专业英语Charpter 3-2PPT.ppt

* The polymerization of monosubstituted vinyl compounds give polymers like polystyrene and polypropylene polymer chains that possess chiral sites on every other carbon in the polymer backbone. (A review of chiral sites and other related topics is given in Appendix L.) The number of possible arrangements within a polymer chain is staggering, since the number of possible isomers is 2n where “n” is the number of chiral sites. Thus, for a relatively short chain containing 50 propylene units, the number of isomers is about 1 times 1015. While the presence of such sites in smaller molecules can be the cause of optical activity, these polymers are not optically active since the combined interactions with light are negated by similar, but not identical, other sites contained on the particular and other polymer chains. Further, it is quite possible that no two polymer chains made during a polymerization will be exactly identical. * 的单取代的乙烯基化合物聚合得到这样的具有手性位点上的聚合物主链上的每个其他碳聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯的聚合物链的聚合物。（手性用地以及其他相关主题的综述载于附录L。）可能的排列聚合物链中的数量是惊人的，因为可能的异构体数目为2n其中“n”是手性的网站数量。因此，对于含有50个丙烯单元相对短链的异构体的数量为约1015 。而这样的网站在较小分子的存在可以是光学活性的原因，这些聚合物是不旋光的，因为与光组合的相互作用是通过类似于否定，而是包含在特定的和其它的聚合物链不相同，其他站点。进一步，这是很可能的是，在聚合过程中作出任何两个聚合物链将是完全相同的。 * The particular combinations of like and mirror image units within a polymer chain influences the polymer properties on a molecular level. On the bulk level, the average individual chain structure influences properties. As shown in Figs. 2.5 and 2.6 the isomer corresponding to the arrangement DDDD or LLLL is called isotactic. The isomer corresponding to the arrangement DLDL is called syndiotactic, and a polymer having a random arrangement of building units corresponding to DDLDDLD, etc., is called atactic. Isotactic PP, which is available commercially, is a highly crystalline polymer with a melting point of 160 oC, while the atactic isomer is an amorphous (noncrystalline) soft polymer with a melting point of 75 oC. The term eutactic is used to describe either an isotactic po