the trial that rocked the world 背景介绍PPT.pptVIP

John Scopes (1900~1970)was an American teacher who violated a state law by teaching the theory of evolution in a Tennessee high school.His trial was a highly publicied confrontation between defense attorney Clarence Darrow and director of the prosecution ,William Jennings Byran.Scopes was found guilty and fined a nominal sum,but his conviction was later reversed on technical grounds. The name of John Scopes became synonymous with his trial,which is popularly known as the Monkey Trial.A film,called Inherit the Wind,was made from the trial ,with much of the diologue coming directly form transcripts of the court proceedings. 1925年24岁的斯各普斯从肯尼亚大学毕业，任田纳西州代顿镇中学的生物老师和橄榄球队教练。他由于教授达尔文的进化论而受到指控。作为当年那次审判的当事人，他写的本文以纪念当年的审判经过。由于神创论的支持者把进化论歪曲简化成“人是猴子变来的”，这次审判又被人们称为“猴子审判”。这次震惊世界的猴子审判至今在美国家喻户晓，是名副其实的“世纪审判”。在20世纪0年代，它被编成了百老汇戏剧《承受清风》（Inherit the Wind ,语出《圣经》：“扰害己家的，必承受清风。愚昧人必作慧心人的仆人。”），马上被视为经典之作。1960年被编成电影，获得四项奥斯卡提名。 代顿街上和斯各普斯所在的学校 Henrry Louis Mencken(亨利 路易斯 门肯） Henrry Louis Mencken is a US controversialist,humorous journalist,and critic.he is often regarded as one of the most influential American writers of the early 20th century.Mencken worked on the staff of the Baltimore Sun for much of his life. As the most influential US literary critic in the 1920s,he often used criticism to jeer at the nation’s social and cultural weaknesses.Prejudices(1919~1927) collects many of his reviews and essays.In The American Language,he brought toghter American expressions and idioms;by the time of his death he was perhaps the leading authority on the language of the US. (Henry Louis Mencken，1880-1956)亨利?路易斯?门肯，美国编辑，文艺评论家。生于马里兰州巴尔的摩。就学于克纳普学院和巴尔的摩工艺学院，1899年毕业后，任巴尔的摩《先驱晨报》采访记者，1903年为编辑。1906年转到巴尔的摩《太阳晚报》。1908年受聘于《时尚》杂志社工作，1914-1924年任该社编辑。1924-1933年任《美国信使》杂志编辑。著有《为妇女辩护》、《美国语言》、《偏见》（六集），《论是非》、《愉快的日子》（自传，三卷）、《在新闻界的岁月，1899-1906》、《异教徒的时代，1890-1936》等。 亨利?路易斯?门肯是本世纪二十年代美国知识界的一位中心人物。在向美国中产阶级文化发动进攻的作家中,门肯的攻击最为犀利,他甚至杜撰了一个词把中产阶级描绘成“笨伯大众”, 门肯以诙谐讥讽的文章嘲弄那些支持中产阶级的机构和组织;他视争论为乐事,甚至不惜以其直截了当、尖刻的抨击去挑战自己的对手。 20世纪