直接引语与间接引语(八下)(全).docVIP

直接引语与间接引语 一、概念 直接引语：直接引述别人的话。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。 例：He said,“I like reading books.”→ He said that he liked reading books. ⊙直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不加 ⊙间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 ⊙把直接引语变为间接引语时，要在人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、语序等方面作相应的变化 二、直接引语变间接引语 （一）人称的变化 第一人称变第三人称；第二人称变第一或第三人称；第三人称不变 1. He said，“I am a student.”→ He said (that) he was a student. 2. He said to me，“You are late.” → He told me (that) I was late. （二）时态的变化 如果主句的谓语动词为现在时，从句的时态无需变化；如果主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的调整。 主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，时态变化的规律如下： 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 过去完成时 过去完成时 例句： ★He said, “I am a teacher.” (一般现在时) → He said that he was a teacher. （一般过去时） ★He said,“I am watching TV.” (现在进行时) → He said that he was watching TV. (过去进行时) ▲He said ,“I have been to Beijing twice.” (现在完成时) → He said that he had been to Beijing twice. (过去完成时) ▲H e said ,“I played basketball yesterday.” (一般过去时) → He said that he had played basketball the day before.( 过去完成时) ★Jim said ,“I will do it after class.” (一般将来时) → Jim said that he would do it after class. （过去将来时) ▲He said ,“I had finished it.” (过去完成时) → He said that he had finished it. (过去完成时) ： 情态动词的变化 （may → might; can → could） 例 He said ,“You may be wrong.” →He said that I might be wrong. She said ,“I can swim .” →She said that she could swim. ：当直接引语是下列情况时，变间接引语时时态不变 转述客观真理、规律 He said ,“Light travels much faster than sound.” → He said that light travels much faster than sound. 表示名人名言、谚语 He said ,“Where there is a will,there is a way.” → He said that where there is a will,there is a way. 为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时 His mother said to me ,“He is a good boy.” → His mother told me that he is a good boy.(强调他现在仍是个好孩子)（三）、指示代词的变化： this(这) → that(那) these(这些) → those(那些) 例句： He said, “I will do my homework this morning.” → He said that he would do his homework that morning. She said, “These books are mine.” → She said that those books were hers. （四）、时间状语的变化：