人教版初二英语写作指导.docVIP

初二英语专题被动语态语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。　例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.　一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）　（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。 原句：I ate an apple。被动：An apple was eaten by me。数格必须随被变：原句中主语“I”在被动句中由于是宾语，必须变为宾语形式“me”；同时由“我”主动发出的动作“ate”，在被动句中是由“an apple”被动承受，要变成被动形式“was eaten” 1、 This English song ______ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung 2、New computers _________ all over the world. A is used B. are using C. are used D. have used 3、Why _________ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held 如：She wrote this story. This story was written by her. (be+过去分词) 2. 动词短语变被动语态 注意:动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,整个词组当作一个单个动词处理,不能丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词.如：take care of, look after, take off, look at , listen to, laugh at等。 We should speak to old man politely.→ Old man should be spoken to politely. 3. 含情态动词的被动语态 can \ may\ must\ should +be +过去分词 I can find him. → He can be found by me. 4. 带双宾语的动词变为被动语态 He gave the child a radio set as a birthday present. → The child was given a radio set as a birthday present by Mr. King. (间宾作主语) → A radio set was given to the child as a birthday present by Mr. King. (直宾作主语) 口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。 5. 含复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的 We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean. They asked me to help them. →I was asked to help them. Note：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后要加上toWe often hear her sing.→She is often heard to sing.