Viral Pathogenesis　.pptVIP

Viral Pathogenesis 李 景 欽 jclee@.tw .tw TEL: 2369 Office: N1024 Department of Biotechnology Kaohsiung Medical University 學習目標 病毒致病途徑與機轉 病毒擴散 病毒感染力與致病力 病毒流病學要素 Outline Infection process Determinants of viral pathogenesis Viral dissemination Viral spread Infectivity And Virulence Initiating an Infection Basic Requirements Sufficient virus Problem: Harsh environment and rapid dilution The cells must be accessible, susceptible, and permissive for the virus. The local defense systems must be absent or at least initially ineffective. The Pathogenesis of Virus Infection Earliest stages: innate immunity: interferon The adaptive immunity response: requires virus attaining high levels or titers. Immunity reaches a maximum level only late in the infection process. Determinants of Viral Pathogenesis Interaction of virus with target tissue Access of virus to target tissue Receptor Stability of virus in body Temperate Acid and bile of gastrointestinal tract Capacity to establish viremia Capacity to spread through the reticuloendothelial (網狀內皮的) system Ability of infection to kill cells (cause cytopathology) Efficiency of viral replication Best temperature for replication Cell permissivity Cytotoxic viral proteins Inhibition of macromolecular synthesis Production of viral proteins and structures Altered cell metabolism Host response to infection Innate immune response Acquired immune response Viral immune escape mechanisms Immunopathology Interferon: systemic symptoms T-cell responses: delayed-type hypersensitivity Antibody: complement, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Dissemination in the Host- Viral Entry - Sites of viral entry into the host Respiratory Tract Alimentary Tract Urogenital Tract Eyes Skin Different routes of viral entry in the host Sites of Viral Entry in the Respiratory Tract Alimentary Tract for Viral Entry A hostile environment for virions pH value: The stomach-acidic; Intestine- alkaline Digestive enzyme; protease Bile detergents Mus