高三英语语法精讲突破复习课件4.pptVIP

从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句，它们是中学阶段的重要语法项目。 定语从句是形容词性从句，相当于形容词的用法，其功能是修饰先行词，对其性质、特征进行描述，先行词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。状语从句是副词性从句，相当于副词的用法，其功能是在复合句中作状语。根据状语从句的含义，状语从句一般可以充当时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，一般在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 三大从句的考查历年都是高考的重点，关联词的选择是高考的主要考点，定语从句中对which的考查，宾语从句中对what和that的考查，让步、时间和条件状语从句的考查是重中之重。 一、三大从句的区别 三大从句存在一定的关联性，应抓住关键点，确定是何从句。试比较： ①It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.(主语从句) As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.(定语从句) What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.(主语从句与表语从句) ②The news (that/which) they won the match is true.(同位语从句) The news that you told me yesterday is true. (定语从句) ③This is such a difficult problem as few of us can solve.(定语从句) This is such a difficult problem that few of us can solve it.(结果状语从句) ④He has found the book (that/which) he lost.(定语从句) He has found the book where he lost it.(地点状语从句) 高考体验 1．(2013·陕西卷)________is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A．It B．That C．What D．As 答案　D　[考查非限制性定语从句。句意：对于孩子来说经常会有这样的情况发生，当医生到达时，Amy(比之前)好多了。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子，又因为在句首，所以要用as引导该定语从句，as在从句中作主语。] 2．(2013·重庆卷)________struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. A．That B．It C．What D．Which 答案　C　[考查主语从句。句意：这部电影最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。“________struck me most in the movie”为主语从句，所填词在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，故用what引导。] 二、三大从句各自的关联词 定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词之分；名词性从句连接词分为连词、连接代词和连接副词。状语从句的连词也有意义和结构之分，因此，选择关联词要综合各方面因素来考虑。注意以下几点： (1)what不能引导定语从句。 (2)whether/if不能引导定语从句。 (3)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 (4)that既可引导定语从句也可以引导同位语从句，但that在定语从句中可作主语、表语和宾语，而that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。 (5)which在定语从句中常可以替换that，但在名词性从句中不可以替换。 高考体验 1．(2011·陕西卷)________all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A．Since B．While C．If D．As 答案　B　[考查状语从句。句意：虽然他们都是很强的候选人，但是只有一个人能被选来担任这一职务。根据句意应该选B, while 此处意为“虽然” 引导让步状语从句。] 2．(2011·上海卷)There is clear evidence ________ the most difficult