哈佛大学化学讲义模板chapter.pptVIP

* * * * * * Exchange or give/take Which have an electric Which makes Atoms electrons Charge Ionic bonds and Ions share Which makes Molecules electrons Covalent bonds Essential Questions How are particles arranged in an atom? How does an ionic bond differ from a covalent bond? Why doesn’t Neon combine with elements very often? What are the 3 state of matter? Explain how a catalyst affects a reaction. Why does a reduction always happen with an oxidation? Describe the dissociation of water. What is neutral pH? What is a buffer? Why is it important to the body? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Chapter 2 Introduction to Chemistry Composition of Matter Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass is the quantity of matter an object has. Mass and weight are different. Weight depends on the amount of gravity. You would weigh less on the moon than on earth but have the same mass. /ronh/weight/ What is matter? air water smoke light heat cold darkness jello sound human Element An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler kinds of matter. Each element has a different chemical symbol. More than 100 elements have been identified. More than 90% of the mass of living things is composed of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen Atom An atom is the simplest part of an element that retains the properties of that element. The properties of atoms determine how the element will behave in nature. An atoms consists of three parts. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons float around the outside of the nucleus. The number of protons is called the atomic number. Protons are charges positively, electrons are negative and neutrons are neutral or zero charge. Atomic Particles Name of Particle Location Charge Related Info Proton Nucleus + Measured by atomic number Neutron Nucleus 0 Measured by atomic mass Electron Outside the nucleus - Helps with bonding Electrons Electrons are responsible for making chemicals. Electrons