甲午战前的海防经费研究Research on the coast defense funds before the Sino Japanese War.pdfVIP

甲午战前的海防经费研究 内 容 摘 要 海防经费是晚清政府为发展近代海军而专门设置的一笔 经费。本文介绍了晚清海防经费的收支沿革并分析了海防经费 支绌的原因。第一，陕饷等协款的存在减少了粤海等关解拨为 海防经费的四成洋税数额。第二，由于财政上的入不敷出，江 苏等省及粤海关拖欠了较多的海防经费。第三，清廷挪用了大 量的海防经费。与传统观点不同，本文认为海军衙门成立后挪 用的海防经费主要用于东三省练兵而非颐和园工程。 海防经费的支绌影响了晚清海军舰队的正常扩充，使得海 防经费外临时筹措购船费用日益成为海军发展的主要途径，并 最终为《北洋海军章程》确定下来。本文认为，海防经费外临 时筹措购船费用对海军发展的推动作用较为有限，甲午战前晚 清海军发展的缓慢乃至停滞不前有其历史必然性。 关键词：海防经费 收支 支绌 购船 A Study on the Coast Defence Funds before the Sino-Japanese War The coast defence funds was set up specially to develop the modern navy in the late Qing Dynasty. This text introduces the evolution of the coast defence funds and analyses the cause of the insufficience of the coast defence funds.First,some assistant funds such as Shan-xiang etc, reduced the amount of Sicheng duty which Yuehai customhouse and the like could refer as the coast defence funds .Second, owing to the unbalanced finance, the provinces such as Jiangsu etc and Yuehai customhouse defaulted much money. Third, the government impropriated a lot of the defence funds. In contrast to the traditional viewpoint, this text thought that the impropriated coast defence funds was mainly used to train the land forces after the Navy Yamun was set up. The payments deficit of the coast defence funds affected the normal development of the modern navy and raising out of the coast defence funds to buy warships had become the main approach to develop the navy, which was at last established by 《the north ocean navy’s rules 》. The influence of raising money provisionally out of the coast defence funds to buy warships was finite and the slow development of the Qing navy was inevitable. Key