中国地质学01.pptVIP

? 一、中国的主要陆块特征及构造演化 两个夷平面说明了青藏高原的抬升大致可以划分两个阶段：中新世（N1）时期以藏北、羌塘地区以南抬升为主，但当时的海拔不过1000-2000 m，不足以阻挡印度洋的暖湿气流，高原以北的同心、临夏、吐鲁番盆地和蒙古高原渐新-中新统都发现熊猫、象、长颈鹿、犀牛等说明了这一点；早更新世（Q1）末青藏高原才全面抬升达5000 m以上，从此改变了全球大气环流，形成中亚季候风，引起了高原北部地区的干旱和沙漠化。 * 中科院曲永强，2010 (3)活动大陆边缘阶段。在铁岭组沉积后,华北地块北缘可能演化为活动大陆边缘(图E、F)。铁岭组顶部广泛出现的不整合面被解释为与洋壳低角度俯冲造成弧后发生挤压和抬升有关(“芹峪抬升”－相当于Columbiia大陆形成阶段),从而导致铁岭组发生抬升和剥蚀。 (4)陆块碰撞阶段。下马岭组沉积后的抬升(蔚县上升－相当于Rodinia大陆形成阶段)可能与华北地块与相邻地体之间碰撞有关。 (5)地壳伸展断陷阶段。大约自900 Ma开始,华北陆块又开始沉降并造成新元古代青白口系龙山组的超覆沉积和景儿峪组潮坪-浅海碳酸盐台地的形成。反映一个比较稳定的陆表海构造- 沉积环境。华北陆块北缘新元古代地壳伸展和沉降与Rodinia超级大陆的裂解有关 (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) 古生代构造特征 古生代是华北地台最稳定的构造发育阶段，早古生代海侵逐渐扩大，中古生代整体抬升，晚古生代由滨海转变为内陆湖盆，内部差异性不大 地台表现为整体升降的特点 早古生代，中朝板块处在北半球中-低纬度 During the Ordovician ancient oceans separated the barren continents of Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia and Gondwana.? The end of the Ordovician was one of the coldest times in Earth history.? Ice covered much of the southern region of Gondwana. 华北板块早奥陶世古地理图 华北板块中奥陶世古地理图 中古生代(O3-C1) 华北板块主体隆升为古陆 华北板块晚奥陶世古地理图 华北板块志留纪古地理图 Laurentia collides with Baltica closing the northen branch of the Iapetus Ocean and forming the Old Red Sandstone continent.? Coral reefs expand and land plants begin to colonize the barren continents. By the Devonian the early Paleozoic oceans were closing, forming a pre-Pangea.? Freshwater fish were able to migrate from the southern hemisphere continents to North America and Europe.? Forests grew for the first time in the equatorial regions of Artic Canada. 华北板块 中泥盆世古地理图 华北板块早石炭世古地理图 晚古生代 华北板块从海-陆交互相、滨海相转为陆相湖盆. 华北板块中－晚石炭世古地理图 During the Early Carboniferous Pangea Begins to Form. By the Late Carboniferous the continents that make up modern North America and Europe had collided with the southern continents of Gondwana to form? the western half of Pangea.? Ice covered much of the southern hemisphere and vast coal swamps formed along the equator. 华北板块早二叠世古地理图 华北板块晚二叠世古地理图 Vast? deserts covered western Pangea during the Permian as reptiles spread