[工程科技]Lecture_3_X-ray_PartII_quantity_quanlity_interaction_.pptVIP

Lecture III X – ray (II) Previously Content Part I Radiation quantity quality Fluence，flux Intensity Radiation exposure absorbed dose RBE Sievert Equivalent dose effective dose Quantity Measurement Radiation quality Part IIX-ray physical characteristics X-ray physics characteristics Part IIIX-ray’s interaction with matter Interaction Mechanism Reaction cross-section Macroscopic cross-section A’ttenuation coe’fficient Half value layer Two examples Photoelectric effect Compton effect Electric pair effect Three main effects summary Part IVInteraction of X-ray in the body Electron density Effective atomic number Element of tissue constituents Attenuation of X-ray in tissue High low voltage radiography Contrast media Conclusions Questions? * Shouliang Qi 9/23/2009 Quantity, quality interaction X-ray generation equipment (Tube High voltage gen.) X-ray generation physics (Energy spectrum…) X-ray tube focal spot heel effect X-ray quantity quality X-ray physical characteristics X-ray interaction with matter X-ray interaction in the body Reference: Medical imaging physics, Chapter 6, P92-115; Chapter 4 7 医学成像的基本原理 P36-P60 Reference: Medical imaging physics, Chapter 6, Radiation quantity quality 医学成像的基本原理 P36-P43 1eV=1/6.24e18 J The term radiation intensity is used colloquially to refer to a number of attributes of the output of a radiation source. W/m2 Example 6-1 An abdominal radiograph uses 1013 photons to expose a film with an area of 0.15 m2 (1.5 × 10?1 m2 or 1500 cm2) during an exposure time of 0.1 second. All photons have an energy of 40 keV. Find the photon fluence , the photon flux φ, the energy fluence , and the intensity I. Radiation exposure unit - Roentgen (R): Radiation dose unit - Gray (Gy): The gray (Gy) is a unit of absorbed dose? and represents the absorption of one joule of energy per kilogram of absorbing material. 1 Gy = 1 J/kg=100 rad Example 6-5 If a dose of 0.05 Gy (5 centigray [cGy]) is delivered uniformly to the u