无线电波传播_第三讲_Maxwell方程_LC传输线的波动方程.pptVIP

* * * * * Demonstration: Transmitter and Light-Bulb Receiver Antenna * * Demonstration: Show Polarization with Light-Bulb Antenna * Demonstration: AM Transmitter and Receiver * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 电磁波vs机械波 标准解 电压vs电流 阻抗 电抗 阻抗 阻抗匹配 传播速度 平行双线 感应系数的计算 感应系数的计算 电容的计算 电容的计算 平行双线上的阻抗与波速 光速 能量 功率 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 吴雄斌—无线电波传播 Radio Wave Propagation 无线电波传播 第三讲 Maxwell方程 LC传输线波动方程 电磁波基础 Properties of EM waves Basic equations Tank circuit AM and FM Properties of EM Waves Transverse Propagates in Vacuum Medium Any Frequency Possible Frequency ? Wavelength = c c = 3x108 m/s (in vacuum) E B 基本特征 Transverse EM Wave 横波 Longitudinal Waves ? Longitudinal waves - displacement is in same direction as the wave motion ? Example: sound waves 纵波 Maxwell Equations Established in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell Generalized Ampere circuit law Faraday’s magnetic induction law Gauss’ law for electric fields Gauss’ law for magnetic fields E(r,t) = electric field strength (volts/m) B(r,t) = magnetic flux density (webers/m2) H(r,t) = magnetic field strength (amperes/m) D(r,t) = electric displacement (coulombs/m2) J(r,t) = electric current density (amperes/m2) ?(r,t) = electric charge density (coulombs/m3) The Continuity Law The electric current and charge densities at r are conserved. The divergence of current J from an infinitesimal volume surrounding r is equal to the decreasing of electric charge density ? with time t. 连续性方程 Constitutive Relations for Free Space D = ?0E B = ?0H where ?0=(1/36?) ?10-9 ?8.85?10-12 farad/meter ?0=4??10-7 henry/meter 真空中的本构关系 Wave Equation Helmholtz wave equation The simplest solution takes the form The dispersion relation provides an important connection between the spatial frequency k and the temporal frequency ?. k2 = ?2?0?0 波动方程 Spatial Frequency k k = 2? / ? We define for the spatial frequency k a fundamental unit K0: 1K0 = 2? rad/m Thus k = 2? / ? = K0 / ? Example: A photon k = A K0, then ? = 1/A m and