Externalities文件材料教学稿件.ppt

Externalities;Market Efficiency - Market Failures;Automobile exhaust Cigarette smoking Barking dogs (loud pets) Loud stereos in an apartment building;Immunizations Restored historic buildings Research into new technologies;The Market for Aluminum...;The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics;The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics;The Market for Aluminum and Welfare Economics;QMARKET ;Positive Externalities in Production;Positive Externalities in Production;Positive Externalities in Production...;Positive Externalities in Production;Internalizing Externalities: Subsidies;Technology Policy;Technology Policy;Internalizing Production Externalities;Consumption Externalities...;Externalities and Market Inefficiency;Private Solutions to Externalities;Types of Private Solutions to Externalities;The Coase Theorem;Transactions Costs;Why Private Solutions Do Not Always Work;Public Policy Toward Externalities;Command-and-Control Policies;Market-Based Policies;Examples of Regulation versus Pigovian tax;Market-Based Policies;The Equivalence of Pigovian Taxes and Pollution Permits...;Summary;Summary;Summary;Graphical Review;The Market for Aluminum...;Pollution and the Social Optimum...;Positive Externalities in Production...;Consumption Externalities...;The Equivalence of Pigovian Taxes and Pollution Permits...;Public Goods and Common Resources;“The best things in life are free. . .”;“The best things in life are free. . .”;“The best things in life are free. . .”;“The best things in life are free. . .”;The Different Kinds of Goods;The Different Kinds of Goods;The Different Kinds of Goods;Four Types of Goods;Types of Goods;Types of Goods;Types of Goods;The Free-Rider Problem;The Free-Rider Problem;Solving the Free-Rider Problem;Some Important Public Goods;Are Lighthouses Public Goods?;Cost-Benefit Analysis;Cost-Benefit Analysis;Common Resources;Common Resources;Tragedy of the Commons;Examples of Common Resources;Why Isn’t the Cow Extinct?;Importance of Property Rights;I