[理学]傅里叶光学.pptVIP

傅里叶光学 什么是傅立叶光学？ 光学系统与通信系统的共性 傅立叶光学的研究内容（传播、叠加、成像） 傅立叶光学的发展 参考文献 J.W. Goodman著，傅立叶光学导论，科学出版社，1976 1. 平面波的复振幅 (Complex amplitude of plane waves) 空间频率（Spatial frequency） ： 是指一个在空间呈正弦或余弦变化的物理量，在某个方向上单位长度内重复的次数。 Spatial frequency The term spatial frequency refers to the number of lines, or other detail, within a given length. A technical line drawing, for example, may have four lines, and four intervals adjoining these lines, per millimeter. The spatial frequency, then, is 4lines/mm. 1. 透镜的透射函数 (The lenss function of transmission) 透镜的透射函数 2、透镜的傅立叶变换性质（The lenss Fourier transform quality） 透镜的位相作用： 3、 透镜的成象性质 (Image quality of Lens) （1）点物在距透镜无穷远处（平面波） 透镜的成象性质 透镜的成象性质 Diffraction Theory of image formation According to Abbe’s theory, the image formed by a microscope is produced in two steps. 1) In the back focal plane of the objective the diffraction maxima are most distinct, they are the Fourier transform of the light distribution across the object. 2) A subsequent transformation converts the first Fourier transform into the (intermediate) image, which is seen through the eyepiece. Conclusions To get a satisfactory detail image we need two contributions: luminous energy, most of which is contained in the zeroth order, and information, which is contained in the higher orders. 结 论 1、像的结构直接依赖于频谱的结构，只要改变频谱的结构，就可以改变像的构成。 2、谱面上的横向分布是物的纵向结构信息，谱面上的纵向分布是物的横向结构信息。 3、零频分量是一个直流分量，它只代表像的本底。 4、挡住零频分量，可使像发生衬度反转。 5、仅允许低频分量通过时，像的边缘锐度降低；仅允许高频分量通过时，像的边缘效应增强。 6、应用：空间滤波 Abbe Ernst Abbe (1840-1905), German physicist, professor at the University of Jena. He is known also for the theory of pupils, the sine condition, refractometer and blood counting chamber, all named after him. In the course of his work, Abbe discovered that microscope objectives of low numerical aperture, however well they were made, produced images inferior to those produced by simpler lenses of high aperture, and on the basis formulated his theory of image formation. Zernike Frits Zernike (1888-1966),