[水产渔业]2010免疫刺激剂.ppt

调节免疫功能的药物 免疫调节剂 Immunomodulator 能抑制或或增强机体免疫机能的药物。 免疫抑制剂 Immunosuppressant 免疫增强剂 Immunopotentiator Immunostimunants 天然免疫系统的主要成员 补体系统complement 溶菌酶 lysozyme 干扰素 interferon，IFN 转铁蛋白 transferrin 巨噬细胞 macrophage 嗜中粒细胞 neutrophils 自然杀伤细胞 natural killer cells 适应性免疫系统的主要成员 B淋巴细胞与抗体 辅助T淋巴细胞（Th cells) 与细胞因子（cytokines) 细胞毒性T淋巴细胞 （cytotoxic T cells, CTL) Comparison of characteristics of chemotherapeutics, vaccines and immunostimulants 免疫刺激剂 Immunostimunants Synthetic chemicals Levamisole FK-565 Biological substances Bacterial derivatives Animal and plant extracts Levamisole Anthelminthic drug In mammals ↑metabolic and phagocytic activities of neutrophils ↑ number of phagocytes and leucocytes ↑ level of lsozyme in serum In Coho salmon and Carp Injection of levamisole + modified Freund’s complete adjuvant increased Coho salmon’s resistance to A. salmonicida. Injection of levamisole increased the phagocytic activity and myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils, leucocyte numbers and serum lysozyme levels in carp. In Rainbow trout Injection of levamisole （0.1-0.5mg/kg） ↑Resistance to Vibrio anguillarum ↑Phagocytic activity and chemiluminescance responses of leucocytes ↑NK cell activities ↑Concentration of complement No effects with high dose（5mg/kg） Effects of levamisole on fish Spleen cells ↑Phagocytic activity ↑NBT reaction ↑Number of antibody-producing cells High dose No stimulation Completely suppress Oral administration of levamisole ↑Leucocyte numbers ↑Serum lysozyme levels ↑The stimulated NBT reduction and phagocytic index of phagocytic cells Immersion of levamisole Carp in 10ug/ml for 24h ↑ Resistance to A.hydrophila ↑Chemotactic ability of phagocytes ↑Phagocytic activity and chemiluminescence Rainbow trout in 5ug/ml for 30min ↑Phagocytic activity and index ↑Specific antibody titers 2min later in A.salmonicida O-antigen bacterin FK-565 FK-156 Lactoyl tetrapeptide, isolated from cultures of Streptomyces olivaceogriseus, is acti