[英语学习]肯定与否定的翻译.pptVIP

肯定与否定的翻译 一、英语肯定、汉语否定 形式上，英语采用肯定句式，但实际在含蓄表达否定意义，翻译成汉语时用否定。 （1）动词 英语中含有否定的动词有：fail, miss, lack, ignore, escape, refuse, withhold, neglect, deny, overlook, exclude, differ, forbid, defy, hate, etc.. 动词词组：keep… from…, refrain…from… Eg. To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 He ran his eyes over the refreshments on the table but shook his head and refused to touch anything. 他看了看桌子上的点心，摇了摇头，一点也不想 吃。 Her hint escaped me. 她的暗示没有引起我的注意。 She went to the airport to meet her friend, but she missed her in the crowd. 她去机场接她的朋友，可是没能在人群中见到她。 He keeps from alcohol and tobaco. 他烟酒不沾。 (2)名词 表示否定的名词有：absence, avoidance, failure, denial, refusal, freedom, loss, lack, ignorance, defiance, embarrassment, etc.. Eg: His absence of mind during the driving nearly caused an accident. 他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。 Her child was in a terrible state of neglect. 她的孩子简直没人管。 He coughed with embarrassment. 他不自然地咳嗽。 A lack of awareness of cultural differences or local customs can create problems. 不注意文化差异和当地的习俗可能会出问题。 （3）形容词 表达否定意义的形容词及短语：few, little, thin, deaf, absent, awkward, had, blind, dead, last, poor, free from, far from, safe from, short of, ignorant of, safe and sound, etc.. Eg: The explanation is pretty thin. 这种解释理由很不充分。 He was deaf to all advice. 他不听一切劝告。 I am glad to see you safe and sound. 我很高兴看到你安然无恙。 He would be the last man to say such things. 他决不会说这种话。 （4）副词 常见的否定副词有：little, seldom, hardly, barely, scarcely, otherwise, rarely ,etc.. Eg: The old lady said idly, “Well, what dose it matter?” 那老妇人漫不经心地说：“哼！这有什么关系？” Time is what we want most, but what many use worst. 时间是我们最缺少的，但偏偏许多人最不善于利用。 Traveling alone, she was sitting in the corner of the carriage. 她没有同伴，只一个人坐在车厢一角动也不动。 Slips are scarcely avoidable when you are new to your work. 没有工作经验，出点差错是不可避免的。 （5）介词及介词短语 表示否定的介词和介词短语有：beside, against, from, above, below, under, beyond, beneath, without, except, within, instead of, out of, etc.. Eg: She is above meanness and deceit.