[化学]应用电化学Chapter 2.ppt

Chapter 2  Electrochemical  Engineering 2.1 General consideration 1.? The province of electrochemical engineering The design, characterization and operation of electrolytic devices and processes is the province of electrochemical engineering. Electrochemical engineering is the science which considers design and operation of electrochemical processes under optimum technological and economic conditions. 2. Costing an electrolytic process a)? CF the fixed capital the cost of buying and installing the plant it is minimized by designing a plant with a high manufacturing rate b)?CW the working capital the cost of buying all the chemicals to start up the process c)? CL the land capital the cost of buying the land The total product cost is computed for each working year by a consideration of the following items: a)?????? direct costs the cost of raw materials, utilities(effluent treatment, water and energy for heating, pumping, etc. as well as electrolysis), labour, maintenance and replacement of components and royalties b)????? plant overhead costs the cost of insurance, adminstration, safety, medical services, canteen and recreational facilities for the workforce, quality control laboratories. c)????? marketing and distribution costs d)????? research and development costs e)?????? depreciation 3. Optimization of electrochemical processes general approach : process optimization(operation optimization) optimizing design see pp67-70 2.2 Performance and figures of merit where 1 mole of the reactant A receives n moles of electrons to yield np moles of product P. There are several possible ways to define each figure of merit, depending upon its relationship to processing time and reactor space. For example, if a quantity B may, in general, be time- and space-dependent, we may define B in four separate ways: