江科大mis考试要点.docVIP

一．知识点 数据、信息、知识三者的区别 Data consists of basic facts that are the system’s raw materials数据是未经加工过的事实或对特殊现象的描述 Information is the data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users信息是已经加工过的数据，关于客观事实的可通信的知识 Knowledge is the information that has been processed deeply知识是经过深加工的信息 信息系统的组成部分： Hardware , software ,people ,data ,process 软件的分类 Application software : horizontal system：Microsoft office:文字处理软件辅助设计软件如AutoCAD实时控制软件教育与娱乐软件 legacy system: System software: operating system, security software device drivers: printers, data back /disk management, network operating system比如编译器，数据库管理，存储器格式化，文件系统管理，用户身份验证，驱动管理，网络连接等方面的工具 (1)Organizational level: top managers，middle managers and knowledge workers，supervisors and team leaders，operational employees top managers (strategic plan)董事长 middle managers and knowledge workers (provide direction, necessary resources and feedback) system analyst， programmers ，accounting ，researchers， trainers and human resource specialist 经理和会计等 supervisors and team leaders（oversee the employees and carry out day to day functions）车间主任 operational employees底层员工 (2)business functions: human resource, information technology, production, sales ,accounting 5、系统开发的方法：Prototyping，O-O，Structured analysis (SDLC)，JAD，RAD ，MSF（微软解决方案框架） Prototyping：Introducing iteration, emphasize the user participation, spiral model, is the software of the original version, low cost, short cycle, is can run system, no fixed life period, from requirements analysis to final product can be used as a prototype引入迭代，强调用户的参与，螺旋模型，是软件的最初版本，费用低，周期短，是可以运行的系统，没有固定的生存期，从需求分析到最终产品都可以作为原型。评价完成系统的标杆（benchmark） O-O：类(class)：多个相似的对象，是对象的抽象，对象(object)：现实世界中各种各样的实体（entity）是类的一个成员，属性(properties)：是对象的信息特征和状态，方法(method)：改变属性状态的各种操作，事件（event）,由对象识别的一个动作 Structured analysis (SDLC) JAD基于团队的事实发现focus on team-based fact finding RAD是整个过程的压缩版本is more like a compressed version of the entire process MSF Microsoft solutions framework微软解决方案框架 系统开发的工具：CASE SDLC（waterfall model