[工学]认知无线电频谱感知.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Receiver Uncertainty Problem With the transmitter detection, the CR user cannot avoid the interference due to the lack of the primary receiver’s information (Fig.a). Moreover, the transmitter detection model cannot prevent the hidden terminal problem. * Shadowing Problem A CR transmitter can have a good line-of-sight to a receiver, but may not be able to detect the transmitter due to the shadowing (Fig. b). Consequently, the sensing information from other users is required for more accurate detection → Cooperative Detection * Limitations of the Transmitter Detection Hidden Terminal Problem due to Shadowing Interference due to uncertainty of receiver location CR Transmitter Range Primary Base-station CR User Primary Transmitter Range Primary User Primary Base-station Primary Transmitter Range Primary User CR Transmitter Range Interference Interference CR User Cannot detect transmitter Cannot detect transmitter * Transmitter DetectionNon-Cooperative vs Cooperative Detection Transmitter Detection Matched Filter Detection Energy Detection Cyclostationary Feature Detection Transmitter Detection Non-cooperative Detection Cooperative Detection Detection Method Detection Behavior * Non-Cooperative vs Cooperative Detection Non-Cooperative Detection CR users detect the primary transmitter signal independently through their local observations. Cooperative Detection Refers to spectrum sensing methods where information from multiple CR users are incorporated for primary user detection. Allow to mitigate the multi-path fading and shadowing effects, which improves the detection probability in a heavily shadowed environment. * Cooperative Detection Cooperative Detection can be implemented either in a centralized or in a distributed manner. Centralized Method CR base-station plays a role to gather all sensing information from the CR users and detect the spectrum holes. D