商务英语第二节课.doc

Facility layouts operations management (OM)Management of the process that transforms resources into products. Layout Arrangement in a facility of equipment, machinery, and people to make a production process as efficient as possible. 对设备设施、机械设施以及人员进行安排，以便使生产流程更加具有效率。（how equipment, machinery, and people will be arranged to make the production process as efficient as possible.） In this section, we’ll examine four common types of facility layouts: process, product, cellular, and fixed position. process layout(also called a job-shop or functional layout)工艺布局，功能布局 The most common approach to developing a process layout is to arrange departments consisting of like processes in a way that optimizes their relative placement. 工艺布局最常用的方法是将相同的工序安排在同一部门中，并使这些部门之间的相对位置实现最优化。 Goods in process (goods not yet finished) move from one workstation to another. At each position, workers use specialized equipment to perform a particular step in the production process. For example A low-volume toy factory; 8 departments; shipping and receiving, plastic molding and stamping, metal forming , sewing, small toy assembly, large toy assembly, painting, mechanism assembly. 收发，塑模和冲压，金属成型，缝纫，小型玩具装配，大型玩具装配，喷漆，机械装配 We want to arrange the eight departments of a toy factory to minimize the interdepartmental material handling cost. 我们对其进行规划，以使物料搬运费用最少 Assumption 40*40 80*160 Same amount of space (say, 40 feet by 40 feet). 80 feet wide and 160 feet long Suppose that transportation costs are 1$ to move a load between adjacent departments and 1$ extra for each department in between. The first step is to illustrate the interdepartmental flow by a model. Flow between departments(Number of moves) 2 and 3, 1 and 4 considered adjacent The second step is to determine he cost of this layout by multiplying the material handling cost. The third step is to reduce costs matrix CRAFT computerized relative allocation of facilities technique计算机辅助设施布置 SLP systematic layout planning系统布置设计 product layout（also cal